Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness?是本能还是机智 现在完成时 宾语从句

We have been brought up to fear insects.

bring sb. ↔ up ^{把某人抚养大}

• I brought up my seven children single-handed. ^{我独自带大了7个孩子。}
• I am not going to bring up my child in this hole. ^{我不会在这个鬼地方养育孩子的。}
• Many women still take career breaks to bring up children. ^{许多妇女仍然为养育孩子而中断事业。}

高考阅读：I have been brought up to believe that it is proper to make contributions to charity.
六级阅读：And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better.

We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good.

regard ... as ... ^{把... 看着成...}

• I mean, what people regard as luck you can actually create to a degree. ^{我的意思是，实际上你可以在一定程度上创造出人们所认为的运气。}
• That, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. ^{信不信由你，家长们认为的好消息可能就是这其中一项发现。}
• To do something my brain would regard as creative. ^{做一些我的大脑认为有创造性的事情。}

do more harm than good ^{【idiom】弊大于利}

• Raising speed limits may do more harm than good.
• Mandatory quotas do more harm than good. ^{强制配额弊大于利。}
• If you act willfully, it may do more harm than good. ^{如果你一意孤行，那可能弊多利少。}
• This measure will do more good than harm. ^{这项措施利多弊少。}

in more ways than one ^{【idiom】有不只一方面的含义}

• Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one! 

We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.

continually ^{adv. 不断地；频繁地}

• Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.

contaminate ^{v. to make sth. dirty, polluted, or poisonous by adding a chemical, waste, or infection 污染…}

• Flies contaminate food.
• Industrial sewage continues to contaminate our beaches.

carry ^{v. if a person, animal, or insect carries a disease, they can pass it to other people or animals even if they are not ill themselves 携带病菌，传播疾病}

• Many serious diseases are carried by insects. 

devour  ^{v. 吞食；毁灭}

• Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake.
• Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.

They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows.

uninvited ^{adj. 未经邀请的}

• He came uninvited to one of Stein's parties. ^{他不请自来地去了斯坦因的一个聚会。}
• He turned up uninvited. ^{他不请自到了。}
• But we were uninvited. ^{但是我们没被邀请。}

“上午、下午、晚上”如果有形容词或名词修饰限定的话，一般都用介词on

• on a Monday night
• on a sunny afternoon

lighted ^{adj. 含义1. a lighted window, room etc. is bright because there is a light on inside 亮着灯的}

• a lighted window / room
• The building was lighted up brightly. ^{这座建筑灯火通明。}

lighted ^{adj. 含义2. a lighted candle, match etc. is burning at one end 点着的}

• a lighted candle / match
• Never use lighted candles. ^{不要用点燃的蜡烛。}
• Those fireworks lighted the sky. ^{那些烟火点亮了天空。}

We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.

live in dread of ^{一直(都)害怕}

• I live in dread of losing her love. 
• They live in the dread of forest fire. ^{他们住的地方时常担心有森林火灾的发生。}
• The Jews lived in dread of being caught. ^{生活在会遭到拘捕的恐惧之中。}
• We lived in mortal dread of him discovering our secret. ^{因为害怕他发现我们的秘密，我们终日惶恐不安。}

dread sth. / doing ^{害怕做某事、某事反生}

• He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. 

not only … but（aslso） ^平行结构

• I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.
• Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but from baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products.
• Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.
• This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.

Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears.

dispel ^{v. 英文解释：to make sth. go away, esp. a belief, idea, or feeling 驱散，打消}

• dispel doubts / fears / worries / rumors / hesitations / prejudice … ^{驱散了… 、打消了…}
• This brief experiment would dispel any further doubts you might have.

Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.

industrious  ^{diligent 勤奋的}

• Aunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie's industriousness and efficiency. 
• She was an industrious and willing worker. ^{她是个勤劳肯干的工人。}

do nothing to do sth. ^{做某某方面没用}

• It is a cosmetic measure which will do nothing to help the situation long term. ^{这是装点门面的措施，无益于局势的长期发展。}
• It grieved him that he could do nothing to help her. ^{他因无法帮助她而伤心。}
• He could do nothing to disturb them. ^{他做什么都打搅不了她们。}

The precautions did nothing / did not do anything to prevent the disease from spreading. ^{这些预防措施在阻止这种疾病蔓延方面没有任何作用。}

prevent … from … ^阻止

• He said this would prevent companies from creating new jobs. ^{他说这将阻止各公司创造新的职位。}
• There's been talk of a retaliatory blockade to prevent supplies from getting through. ^{有人在谈论实施报复性封锁，以阻止供应物资通过。}

do little to do sth.^{在某方面没多大作用}

• Third, harsh laws often do little to protect the innocent. ^{第三，严苛的法律往往无助于保护无辜者。}
• Moreover, higher interestrates would do little to curb food prices. ^{其次，提高利率对限制食物价格作用寥胜于无。}
• But it will do little to protect the economy from a prolonged credit squeeze. ^{但它却不能抑制长期的信贷紧缩。}

be filled with … ^{充满了某种情绪}

• be filled with anger/ fear / dread / horror / joy / happiness / doubt / alarm / revulsion / admiration / remorse … ^{充满了某种情绪…}
• All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm.
• Their faces were suddenly filled with fear.
• I am filled with admiration for your bravery.

No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung.

sense of direction / humor / danger / justice / pride / honor / accomplishment / responsibility / superiority / inferiority … ^…感

• The sense of humo(u)r is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. ^幽默感
• He simply had no sense of danger at all. ^危险感

have a horror of … ^害怕

• She has a horror of cockroaches.

Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase.

… they are impossible to erase… ^{形容词后加动词不定式作补语，用主动表被动的含义}

• He is easy to fool.
• She is extremely difficult to please.
• The machine is awkward to handle.
• The man is hard to work with.

造句：My fear of driving is unreasonable, but it is impossible to erase.  ^{我害怕开车是没有道理的, 但这种感觉无法消除。}

At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating.

fascinating ^{adj. 迷人的}

• Madagascar is the most fascinating place I have ever been to. ^{马达加斯加是我去过的最迷人的地方。}
• The exhibition tells the fascinating story of the steam age. ^{展览讲述了蒸汽时代引人入胜的故事。}
• I still find it fascinating. ^{我仍然觉得它很迷人。}

At the same time, however, insects exert a peculiar fascination on us.
At the same time, however, insects never fail to fascinate us.

We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives .

perfectly ^{adv. completely ― used to emphasize what you are saying（用于加强语气）完全， 非常，极其}

• It's perfectly normal to feel like this.
• To be perfectly honest, I didn't want to go anyway.

We enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence.

• We enjoy reading about them ...
• We enjoy staring at them ...

entrance ^{vt. 令人着迷，陶醉}

• I’m completely entranced by / with the music.
• The children sat silent on the carpet, entranced by the puppet show. 

go about one’s business ^{做自己的事}

• The villagers were going about their business as usual. 

be (un)aware of … ^{意识到/没有意识到}

• He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley.
• The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger.

presence ^{n. 出席，在场}

• Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound. 
• His daughter's presence seemed to fill her empty bedroom.
• Everything around me is full of his / her presence, continually reopening the wound. 

absence ^{n. 不在场，缺席}

• She did not mention her mother's absence. ^{她没有提到她母亲的缺席。}
• She concocted some elaborate story to explain her absence. ^{她精心编造了解释她不在场的一些谎言。}
• The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof. ^{此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。}

Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?

stand in awe (of ...)^{（对……）充满敬畏}

• Stand in awe in front of it. ^{怀着崇敬的心情站在它的面前。}
• They rather stand in awe of Charles. ^{他们非常敬畏查尔斯。}
• We always stand in awe of our manager. ^{我们对经理总是敬而远之。}

pounce on … ^猛扑向…

• He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight. 

column ^{n. a long moving line of people or things（人或事物的）队伍}

• a column of soldiers
• a column of refugees
• Perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. ^{也许是你的拼写能力太差了，又或许是你不会把纵列数字相加。}
• Word went out that a column of tanks was on its way. ^{有消息说一队坦克上路了。}

triumph ^{n.  胜利，成功（的喜悦）；v.  获得成功，取胜}

• There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white.
• Arch of Triumph ^凯旋门

rhetorical question ^{修辞疑问句（不用回答；多用于结尾）}

• We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?
• O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind? ‘Ode to the West Wind’— P. B. Shelley
• Who among us has not dreamed of that?
• What is the use of our studying grammar if we can't put the grammatical rules into practice? 
• Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men‘s bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them?

Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree.

watch sb. doing sth. ^{注视某人正在做某事的过程}

• Let's just sit and watch them doing. ^{咱们就坐在这看他们演戏吧。}
• They will then unfurl in the warmth of your room; you can watch them doing it. ^{然后它们将不再在你温暖的房间里伸展开来；你可以看着它们这样做。}

prize ^{valued; treasured; cherished}

• One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her.
• The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants.

The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house.

sheltered ^{adj.  可避风雨的}

• We found a sheltered spot to have a picnic.

I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. ^{不仅因为...,而且还因为...}

survive ^{vt. 经历……而幸存}

• A cat's ability to survive falls is based on fact. 

severe ^{adj. 严重的，严酷的，严厉的}

• a severe injury
• a severe winter
• Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and reprimanded the assistant severely.

produce ^{v. 含义1. make, create 制造}

• When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it.

produce ^{v. 含义2. to grow sth. or make it naturally  出产（农场品），产（仔）}

• The tree produces fruit. 
• A cow produces milk.
• A hen produces eggs.

produce ^{v. 含义3. if you produce an object, you bring it out or present it, so that people can see or consider it 出示，拿出}

• Produce your ticket!
• They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket.
• She produced all sorts of weird concoctions, but none of them met with Harry's requirements. 

During the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither.

be beginning ^{进行时强调逐渐的...}

• Her sight is beginning to go. ^{她的视力开始下降。}
• The snow was beginning to melt. ^{积雪开始融化了。}
• Her legs were beginning to tire. ^{她的双腿开始感到累了。}
• The cheese was beginning to sweat. ^{奶酪开始出水了。}

Clusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves.

cluster ^{n. a group of things of the same kind that are very close together （密密匝匝的）一簇， 一团}

• a cluster of red berries

be to be found / heard / seen ^{能够被找到 / 看到 / 听到}

• Such books are to be found in the library. 
• Not a sound was to be heard.
• Not a soul was to be seen. 

They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.

colony ^{n.a group of animals or plants of the same type that are living or growing together（住在一起的）一群动物或植物}

• a colony of ants
• a seal colony
• A colony of gulls inhabits the island.^{一群海鸥栖息于这个岛上。}

形式定语从句

• They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.
• They were visited by a large colony of ants because the ants obtained a sort of honey from them. 
• We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.
• We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, because people first learned to write there.
• Don’t sit on the chair because it has a broken leg. 
• Don’t sit on the chair which has a broken leg.
• I have to be very careful not to offend the manager because he could give me the sack at any time.
• I have to be very careful not to offend the manager who could give me the sack at any time.

a sort of = a kind of … ^{1.一种、某种…；2.有些像……的；……般的 ；（此处课文指得是第2种含义）}

• We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. 
• In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
• Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.

I immediately embarked on an experiment which even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for 24 hours.

embark on / upon sth. ^{1.上船；2.开始某个工作、任务}

• Armed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.

get rid of … ^{赶走…，打发走…}

• It took me over half an hour to get rid of him.

I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphides.

base of ^…的底部

• At the base of the gold cap, the words 'made in the U.S.A' had been nearly inscribed. 

The tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it.

cross ^{v.穿过; 穿过去}

• She was partly to blame for failing to look as she crossed the road. ^{她横穿马路时没有看车，应承担部分责任。}
• Egan crossed to the drinks cabinet and poured a Scotch. ^{伊根穿过去，来到酒柜旁，倒了一杯苏格兰威士忌。}

For a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment.

scurry ^{v. run with short quick steps 小步快跑}

• The mouse scurried across the floor. 

bewilder ^{v. 令人迷惑，令人晕头转向}

• The silence from Alex had hurt and bewildered her. ^{亚历克斯的沉默令她伤心和迷惑不解。}
• So many questions bewilder me. ^{这样多的问题使我困惑。}
• The letter would only bewilder the mother. ^{这信只会使妈妈惶惑不解。}

表示“感情”的名词和介词在一起做状语，大多数用in

• in bewilderment / confusion 
• in surprise 
• in horror
• in despair
• in a panic …

I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it.

with satisfaction = satisfiedly ^{满意地做某事}

• After consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven.

swarm ^{v. When insects swarm, they come together in a large group 昆虫聚集}

• A swarm of people encircled the hotel. ^{一大群人包围了这家酒店。}
• At the time, this was the largest swarm of robots ever tested. ^{当时，这是测试过的最大的机器人群。}
• A network swarm is all edges and therefore open-ended any way you come at it. ^{一个网络群到处都是边，因此，无论你以何种方式进入，它都是开放的。}

do something about …^{to do something in order to deal with a problem or difficult situation 解决，处理（问题或困难）}

• When my wife nagged me to do something about it, I told her that either I would have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow.

there is nothing … can do about … ^{对某问题某人无能为力}

• 'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.'

I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair.

hope to do ^{希望做某事}

• We hope to arrive around two. ^{我们希望能在两点钟左右到达。}
• I hope to hell you're right. ^{我打心底里希望你是对的。}
• I hope to be back in a fortnight. ^{我希望两周后回来。}
• He had one last hope to cling on to. ^{他还抱着最后的一线希望。}

Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new route.

Instead of …, however, … ^{本该…，结果却…}

• Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories. 

They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree.

on to … = onto … ^{到…上面去}

• We all herded on to the bus.^{我们全都涌上了公共汽车。}
• With a spring, the cat leapt on to the table.^{猫一跃跳上桌子。}
• We bundled out onto the street. ^{我们大伙急忙跑到街上。}

I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity.

ingenuity ^{n.心灵手巧，聪明才智，独创力}

• Inspecting the nest can be difficult and may require some ingenuity. ^{仔细检查鸟巢可能有困难，也许需要一些巧妙的心思。}
• It's limited only by your ingenuity! ^{被束缚的仅仅是你的独创性！}
• They suppress the ingenuity of our people and businesses. ^{它们抑制我们的人民和企业的创造力。}

The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods!

be quick to do ^{【idiom】to react quickly to what someone says or does 很快就……} 

• He was quick to notice the mistake.
• He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. 

an answer to sth.  ^{a solution to sth. 问题的解决方案}

• There is no easy answer to the problem.