Lesson 30 The death of a ghost幽灵之死 形式宾语 动词不定式

For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted.

The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox.

The farm was possessed by two brothers, ... ^替换
The farm was in the possession of two brothers, ...^替换
The farm belonged to two brothers, ...^{替换(主动)}

They employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long.

Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story.

resign ^v.辞职

 retire ^{v. 退休}

• Because I've just retired.I want to buy a small house in the country.
• Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.
• I'm going to retire.

Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight.

• He got home to learn that his father was ill. ^结果得知
• Jim turned round to see that Mary was weeping. ^结果看见
• He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. ^{结果被告知}
• She saved money to buy a car. ^{目的为了买车}
• To succeed in your career, you need to work hard. ^{要在事业上取得成功，你需要努力工作。}
• To travel abroad, you need a valid passport. ^{要出国旅行，你需要一本有效的护照。}
• I am happy to help you.  ^{解释高兴的原因}
• She was shocked to see the damage. ^{解释被震惊到的原因}

A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight.

stay up / sit up ^{熬夜(主动不睡觉)}

• He sat up all night, preparing for the exam.

burn the midnight oil ^{（习语）熬夜}

• a night owl ^夜猫子

wait up (for sb.) ^{等某人回来而没有睡觉}

• I should go—Marie will be waiting up for me.

toss and turn ^{翻来覆去、辗转反侧：在床上因无法入睡而不停地翻来覆去。}

• Do you toss and turn all night? ^{你是否整夜辗转难眠？}
• You toss and turn, but sleep won't come.^{你辗转反侧，但总也睡不着。}
• Don't toss and turn. ^{不要在床上翻来覆去。}

not sleep a wink ^一夜未眠

• I didn't sleep a wink last night with all that noise.

not get a wink of sleep ^一夜未眠

• I didn't get a wink of sleep last night with all that noise.

《NCE》中其它关于睡眠的描述

• During the day, sleep comes in snatches.^NCE3-44
• ... lulls you to sleep.  ^NCE3-44
• The dream-like music lulls me to sleep.
• He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar.
• After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.

claim to have done ^{动词不定式的完成时}

in the moonlight ^{在月光之中（ in the moon）}

• in the sunlight / in the sunshine / in the sun ^{在阳光之中}
• in the moonlight ^{（在月光中）} / by moonlight^{（借着月光）}

In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them.

in time ^{逐渐地；慢慢地：随着时间的推移。}

• You'll get used to it in time.^{你迟早会习惯的。}

in due time ^{在适当的时候、终于}

• You will be told in due time. ^{我会在合适的时间告诉你的。}
• He arrived here in due time. ^{现在他们要把我捧起来， 正是时候。}
• The facts will be known in due time. ^{这些事实将在适当的时候披露。}

with time ^{随着时间的推移、流逝（逐渐地；慢慢地）}

• His influence has diminished with time. ^{随着时间的推移，他的影响已不如从前了。}
• Mars and Earth have orbits which change with time. ^{火星和地球的轨道随着时间而发生改变。}
• With time he came to revise his opinion of the profession. ^{随着时间的推移，他开始修正自己对这一职业的看法。}
• Have they aged with time? ^{他们是否和岁月一起老去了？}

with the passing / passage of time ^{随着时间的流逝（时光匆匆）}

• This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing. ^{生命力随着时间的流失而衰退叫做衰老。} 
• Her confidence grew with the passage of time. ^{她的信心与日俱增。}

造句：It has become an accepted fact that a bad practice is prevailing in the medical field. Doctors prescribe much more expensive medicine than necessary and patients, for their part, have to give doctors 'hongbao', money in a red envelope, for better treatment and safer surgery.^{现在医务界弥漫着一种不正之风 ，这已经成了一个公认的事实。医生给病人开出过分昂贵的药，而病人不得不给医生掏红包以换取更好的治疗和更安全的手术。}

No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen.

造句：No one suspected that there might be a murderer hiding in the village who had never been recognized.^{谁也没想到在村子里竟然藏着一个从来也没有被认出来过的谋杀犯。}

his was indeed the case.

the case ^实情

• This is not always the case. ^{这不总是实情}
• This is indeed the case. ^{这确实是实情}
• This is not the case at all. ^{这根本不是实情}
• This might not be the case. ^{这可能是个实情}
• This is not necessarily the case. ^{这不一定是实情}

A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died.

learn of / about ^{听说、获悉}

• I was sad to learn of his illness.^{（我很难过得知他的病情。）}
• I am learning about the history of art.^{（我正在学习艺术史。）}

know of / about ^{知道/了解}

• Do you know of any good restaurants around here?^{（你知道这附近有好的餐馆吗？）}
• She knows a lot about computer programming.^{（她对计算机编程很了解。）}

hear of / about ^{听说、了解到}

• Have you heard of this new band?^{（你听说过这个新乐队吗？）}
• I heard about the accident on the news.^{（我在新闻上听说了那起事故。）}

Everyone went to the funeral, for the 'ghost' was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man.

everyone / every one ^每个人

• ... poisoned every one of her five husbands. ^{everyone后不可加of}
• Look! Everyone's in the garden. 
• The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure.
• As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing.
• You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.

none other than ^{不是别人，正是…（让读者出乎意料）}

• The leggy beauty was none other than Naomi Campbell. ^{这位长腿美女不是别人，正是娜奥米·坎贝尔。}

造句：Neighbors here were astonished to learn that the murderer was none other than the victim's wife who had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.^{邻居们惊悉谋杀犯不是别人，正是受害者的妻子，而这个女人在年轻时一连毒死了自己的五个丈夫。}

• This program is none other than make. ^{这个程序不是别的，正是 make。}
• He was none other than my nephew Satya. ^{他不是别人，正是我的侄子萨提亚。}
• The man was none other than my husband. ^{那个人（不是别人）正是我的丈夫。}
• But none other than I has a leaf of this kind. ^{惟有拥有一片绿叶我可以确然。}

a + 序数词 ^{a third brother}

• Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time.

as a young man = when (he was) a young man ^{状语从句主语相同且谓语为Be时，可省略主谓}

a third brother who was supposed to have died in his youth. ^替换
a third brother who was supposed to have died when young. ^{替换 -}
a third brother who was supposed to have died young. ^{替换 - -}

• Only the good die young. ^{好人命短(好人不长命)}

After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over fifty years.

keep a secret ^保密

• Can you keep a secret ? ^{你能保守秘密吗？}
• Could you keep a secret, if I told you one? ^{如果我告诉你一个秘密，你能保密吗？}
• Tom was utterly indiscreet, and could never keep a secret. ^{汤姆言行完全不慎重，从来守不住秘密。}

reveal a secret ^揭秘

• She is trying to reveal a secret. ^{她正试图揭露一个秘密。}
• I reveal a secret. ^{揭发一个秘密。}
• I can reveal a secret to you. I receive a very warm welcome in Russia. ^{我可以告诉大家一个秘密：我确实在俄罗斯受到了热烈的欢迎。}

a secret becomes known ^{公开了秘密}

• At some dramatic moment in the story, the terrible secret becomes known and a reputation is ruined.

Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers.

He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War.

be obliged to do ^{不得不；有义务；感谢；被迫做}

• He says everybody is obliged to do as he pleases. ^{他说每个人都有义务听他的话做事。}
• She is obliged to abandon her idea of trying again. ^{她不得不放弃再试一次的想法。} 

join the army ^{参军（不加介词in）：加入军队，成为一名士兵或军官。}

• join the party ^{join+宾语 指：长期加入某个组织“入党”}
• join in the party ^{join in + 宾语 指：参加某个活动“参加聚会”}

enlist in the army ^{参军（enlist vi. 需要加介词in）}

• He enlisted in the 82nd Airborne 20 years ago.  ^{他20年前加入了第82空降师。}
•  He enlisted as a private in the Mexican War.  ^{他以列兵身份参加了墨西哥战争。}

be in the service of ^{为···服务、效力}

• Meanwhile, big Banks also utilize many kinds of trading that aren't in the service of their traditional clients. ^{同时，大银行利用许多不是服务于传统客户的交易方式。}
• Have you ever been in the service?  ^{你当过兵吗?}
• I was drafted into the army last year.

the Second World War = World War II ^{第二次世界大战/二战}

• the First Chapter = Chapter One ^{用基数词无需定冠词(The)}

As he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment.

army life = life in the army ^{军旅生活(生活不属于军队，在军队里的生活所以使用介词in)}

• Robert was eager to talk about life in the Army. ^{罗伯特渴望谈论军旅生活。}
• He wrote about his life in the army. ^{他写了他在军队的生活。}
• He became a fully-fledged soldier after a year life in the army. ^{经过了一年的军营生活，他成为了一名训练有素的士兵。}
• Life in the army was far removed from the comfort of his parents' home. ^{军营的生活与在父母家的舒适相差太远。}

When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his father hid him until the end of the war.

When he hear / know that he would be sent abroad... ^替换

Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well.

Fearing the penalty from the authorities, ... ^补全
Afraid of the authorities, ... ^替换

the authorities ^{政府、当局、管理部门(常以复数出现)}

• the local authorities ^地方政府
• the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass seed which would grow quickly.
• The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France.
• It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong.

regime ^{n.（尤指独裁的）政府，政权}

• a fascist regime  ^{法西斯政权}
• The regime is now in its death throes. ^{这一政权大势已去。}
• The regime was the very incarnation of evil. ^{该政权正是邪恶的典型。}
• The people are held down by a repressive regime. ^{人民受到了专制政权的压迫。}
• The regime is profoundly divided against itself. ^{该政权内部彻底分裂了。}
• he weakness of his regime is showing more and more. ^{他政权的疲弱性日益显露。}

His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action.

be killed / wounded in action ^{固定表达不可数不加不定冠词“他在战争中阵亡/受伤”}

• be reported missing in action ^{据报在行动中失踪}

battle ^{可数/不可数}

• in (a) battle ^{在(一次)战争中}

The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob. They did not even tell their wives.

They were tight-mouthed. ^{他们的嘴很严！}

When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. 

they thought that it was their duty to keep every in hiding. ^{使用复合句并不是最优选（太啰嗦了）}

形式宾语什么时候用

当这个宾语是比较长的一个结构，尤其是像动词不定式（to do）、分词（doing），现在分词短语或者是宾语从句的时候。还有宾语补足语时（在大多数是名词或者是形容词），当宾语补足语，在这种情况下呢，我们就要用形式宾语。

• He thought it his duty to bring up the orphan. ^{他觉得有责任把这个孤儿抚养成人。}

All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse.

recluse / hermit ^隐士

Eric had lived / led the life of a recluse / hermit. ^替换

• They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they lead mysterious lives of their own as well. ^{live / lead a ... life 过着...的生活}

He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley.

be （quite） unaware of ... ^{(完全)不知道}

• The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger.

be unconscious of ... ^不知道

• He was unconscious of his rude behaviour.^{他没有意识到他粗鲁的行为。}
• ... quite unconscious of the fact that ... ^替换

When he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer.

造句： I found it impossible to resist temptation.^{我觉得无法抵制诱惑。}