Lesson 62 Afer the fire大火之后 过去完成时 过去完成进行时

Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.

fight sth. ^{和…作搏斗}

• More units to fight forest fires are planned. ^{已经计划增派部队来扑灭森林大火。}
• He broke his nose in the fight.^{他打架时打断了鼻梁。}

get it under control ^{表示“使它得到控制”，get 有“使…处于某种状态”的含义}

• Get the room in order. ^{“get + 宾语 + 介词短语 ” 作宾补}
• The Government can no longer keep prices under control. ^{政府已控制不住物价。}

A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.

for miles around ^{方圆几英里（around 表示“在周围，向四周”）}

• This is the only modern building for miles around.

Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.

rise up (from) ^升上来

• Elevators don't just rise up. ^{电梯不只是上升。}
• Seven massive columns rise up from a marble floor.^{七根巨大的圆柱从大理石地面拔地而起。}

smoke rise up ^{(烟、雾)弥漫}

•  We see smoke rise straight up in the air. ^{我们看到烟雾直升到空中。}
• The smoke rise from his cigarette ^{烟从他的香烟中升起}

* Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.

come on ^{“到来，来临” 的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节的}

• When spring comes on, there will be flowers everywhere.
• I was still in the forest when night came on.

wash away ^{冲掉，冲走，洗掉}

• A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.
• I can’t wash the spot away.

not only ... but ... as well ^{不但... 而且 not only (实义前、情系后)}

• I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well
• It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.

When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.

put out ^扑灭

• The boys felt tired, so they put out the fire and crept into their tent.
• At last, firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.

The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.

By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.

take root ^{表示“生根”，这个短语也可以表示某处思想/想法等“扎根”}

• This type of grass takes root easily. 
• The idea has taken root in his mind. ^{抽象“萌芽”}

In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.

过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产生结果， 过去完成进行时也可用来表示过去经常重复的动作，还可以表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论。与它 经常连用的表示时间的词有before，for，since，all day 等。

• She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day.
• Jill was angry. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week.
• Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying.

在包含间接引语的句子中，如果引述词是过去时态，则现在完成进行时要改为过去完成进行时。过去完成时与过去完成进行时有时可以互换。

• When I arrived, they’d alredy put the fire out. ^{但需要表示某个工作已经完成时，只能用过去完成时。}