Lesson 143&144 A walk through the woods林中散步 被动语态
Listen to the tape then answer this question: What was so funny about the words on the sign?
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老小镇上。
It is a famous beauty spot.
这里是一个著名的景胜地。
On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods.
每逢星期天，有许许多多的人从城里来参观我们的小镇，并在树林中散步。
Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.
游客们已被告知要保持树林的整洁。
Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere.
树下都已设置了废物筐，但人们仍到处扔垃圾。
Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods.
上星期三我到树林里去散步。
What I saw made me very sad.
我所见到的一切使我非常难过。
I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators.
我数了一下，有 7 辆旧汽车和 3 个旧冰箱。
The littler baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins.
废物筐是空的，而满地都是纸片、烟头、旧轮胎、空瓶子和生锈的空罐头盒子。
Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, 'Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!'
在垃圾堆中我发现了一块牌子，上面写着：“凡在此树林里丢弃垃圾者，将依法处置！”
26个相关单词
与课文关联的单词
surround
/səˈraʊnd/v. 包围round *
/raʊnd/adj. 圆形的wood *
/wʊd/n. 树林forest
/ˈfɒrɪst/n. 森林jungle
/ˈdʒʌŋɡ(ə)l/n. 丛林beauty spot
/ˈbjuːti spɒt/n. 风景点spot *
/spɒt/n. 地点hundred *
/ˈhʌndrəd/num. 百city
/ˈsɪti/n. 城市through
/θruː/prep. 穿过visitor
/ˈvɪzɪtə(r)/n. 参观者，游客，来访者guest
/ɡest/n. 来宾tidy *
/ˈtaɪdi/adj. 整齐的litter
/ˈlɪtə(r)/n. 杂乱的东西litter basket
/ˈlɪtə(r) ˈbɑːskɪt/n. 废物筐place *
/pleɪs/v. 放throw
/θrəʊ/v. 扔，抛rubbish
/ˈrʌbɪʃ/n. 垃圾garbage
/ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ/n. 垃圾箱count
/kaʊnt/v. 数，点cover *
/ˈkʌvə(r)/v. 覆盖piece
/piːs/n. 碎片tyre
/ˈtaɪə(r)/n. 轮胎rusty
/ˈrʌsti/adj. 生锈的among *
/əˈmʌŋ/prep. 在…之间prosecute
/ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/v. 依法处置课文理解讲述经历 更新于:2023-12-16 08:00:34
a walk through the woods 林中漫步
- a walk on the road 压马路 (在道路上散步)
I live in an old town. 我住在一个古老的镇上。
The town is surrounded by beautiful woods. 这个镇被一个美丽的小树林围绕。
| 主句 | 关系词 | 定语从句 |
|---|---|---|
| I live in an old town | which\that | is surrounded by beautiful woods. |
On Sunday 在周日
On Sundays 每逢周日
- It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays.
Hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods.
| Hundreds of people | come from the city | to see our town and to walk | through the woods |
| 主语 | 谓语 + (前)宾语 | 不定式(目的状语) | 动词短语(后宾语) |
to do 这里不可以做谓语了(已经非动词了)，To do 是目的（即目的状语）
Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.
have been done 已经被(现在完成时被动语)
- keep sth. + adj. 保持…
- keep the classroom clean and tidy. 保持教室干静整洁
Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere.
What I saw made me very sad. = I saw what made me very sad.
| What I saw | made | me | very sad. |
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语 | 宾语补足语 |
| 特殊疑问句 | 陈述句 |
|---|---|
| What did you hear? | What I heard made me very angry. 我所听到的一切，使我很愤怒。 |
| What did he? | What he did made me very happy.他所做的一切，使我很开心。 |
| What did he study? | What he studied made him very intelligent. 他所学到的一切，使他很智慧。 |
| What did you see? | What you saw made me very sad. 你所看到的让我非常难过。 |
名言名句
- Histories make man wise. 读史使人明智
- Poems make man witty. 诗歌使人机智。
- The maths makes man subtle. 数学使人严谨。
- Natural philosophy makes man deep.自然哲学使人深刻。
- Moral makes man grave.道德使人庄重。
- English makes me sad. -> English made me sad.
The litter basket was empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends,…
| The litter basket was empty | the ground was covered with pieces of paper, | cigarette ends,... |
| 主系表 | 被覆盖(被动语态) | 烟头 |
I found a sign which said, “... ” 我发现一个牌子，上面写着…
| 主句 | 关系词 | 定语从句（嵌套一个宾语从句） |
|---|---|---|
| I found a sign | which | said, “... ” |
| I got a postcard | said, “ I miss you”. |
Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted. 定语从句(主主谓谓)
| 主语 | 定语从句 | 主句 |
|---|---|---|
| Anyone | who leaves litter in these woods | will be prosecuted. |
| 任何人 | 在树林扔垃圾的 | 将会被依法处置 |
语法知识被动语态巩固 更新于:2023-12-16 08:05:03
be 用于掌管“时态”，done 描述“被动”，所以be变done不变。
| 时间 | 一般状态 | 进行状态 | 完成状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 现在 | am/is/are + done | am/is/are + being done | has/have + been done |
| 过去 | was/were + done | was/were + being done | had + been done |
| 将来 | shall/will + be done |
- He has been invited twice. 他已经被邀请了两次了。
- The housework will be finished by him soon.家务很快就被他做完了。
- The ground has been covered with heavy snow. 地面己经被大雪覆盖了。
- The building will be built soon. 这座大楼马上就要建成了。
单词句型被动语态练习 更新于:2023-12-16 08:38:43
| He hasn't been served yet.还没有人来侍候他(现在完成被动) | He will be served soon.很快会有人来侍候他的(一般将来被动) |
| Hasn't anyone repaired this car yet?(现在完成) | It has already been repaired! (现在完成被动) |
| Hasn't anyone corrected these exercise books yet?(现在完成) | They have already been corrected!(现在完成被动) |
| Hasn't anyone opened the door yet? |
|
| Hasn't anyone emptied this bottle yet? |
|
| Hasn't anyone bought these books yet? | They have already been bought. |
| Hasn't anyone turned on the TV yet? | It has already been turned on. |
| Hasn't anyone cleaned the bedroom yet? |
|
| Hasn't anyone sharpened this pencil yet? |
|
Hasn't anyone repaired this bike yet? |
|
Hasn't anyone dusted the table yet? |
|
扩展知识新概念一册学习总结 更新于:2024-03-30 04:47:56
| Lesson 1-30 | 语音(自然拼音)、一般现在时、词性。 |
|---|---|
| Lesson 31-98 | 时态、过去时、将来时、进行时。 |
| Lesson 99-144 | 复合句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、定语从句... |
代词 §
人称代词
| 单数 | 复数 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 主格 | 宾格 | 主格 | 宾格 |
| I | me | we | us |
| you | you | you | you |
| she | her | they | them |
| he | him | ||
| it | it | ||
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词＋ 名词
| 单数 | 复数 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 形物 | 名物 | 形物 | 名物 |
| my | mine | our | ours |
| your | yours | your | yours |
| her | hers | their | theirs |
| his | his | ||
| its | its | ||
反身代词
| 单数 | 复数 |
|---|---|
| myself | ourselves |
| yourself | yourselves |
| himself | themselves |
指示代词
| 单数 | 复数 |
|---|---|
| this | these |
| that | those |
不定代词 §
| Every(每) | No(没) | Some(某) | Any(任) |
|---|---|---|---|
| everyone | no one | someone | anyone |
| everybody | nobody | somebody | anybody |
| everything | nothing | something | anything |
| everywhere | nowhere | somewhere | anywhere |
| one | each | both | many |
| much | another | (a) little | (a) few |
名词
可数名词、不可数名词，可数名词单数变复数规则。
不可数名词数量的表达
| a piece of | 一片、一块的 |
| a loaf of | 一个、一条的 |
| a bar of | 一条、一块的 |
| a bottle of | 一瓶的 |
| a pound of | 一磅的 |
| half a pound of... | 半磅的... |
| a quarter of a pound of... | 四分之一磅的... |
| 用于可数名词的量词 | |
|---|---|
| a pair of | 一对的 |
| hundreds of | 成百上千的 |
有生命名词所有格：名词’s＋名词
- Mary's room
- James'(s) bike
- dogs' food
- at the butcher's
- at the greengrocer's
- in five hours' time (无生命+'s)5小时以后
无生命名词所有格：名词＋of + 名词
- a photograph of our village
| 名词、代词作主语 |
|
|---|---|
| 名词、代词作宾语 |
|
| 名词、代词作表语 |
|
| 代词限定名词 | I left my suitcase on the train to London the other day. |
冠词
| 不定冠词 | a | 辅音发音开始的单词 a boy,a man,a university | 泛指或未特定的名词,只适用于可数单数名词 | 表示任意一个 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| an | 元音发音开始的单词 an hour,an old man | |||
| 定冠词 the | the | /ðə/ + 辅音开头发中文“ra” : in the morning | 特指或已知的名词,可用于单数和复数名词 | 表示唯一性或特定性 |
| /ði/ + 元音开头发中文“热” : in the afternoon,in the evening |
动词
| 时间 | 状态 | 时态 |
|---|---|---|
| 过去 | 一般 | 一般过去、一般现在、一般将来 |
| 将来 | 进行 | 现在进行、将来进行、过去进行 |
| 现在 | 完成 | 现在完成、将来完成、过去完成 |
语态
| 时态 | 结构 |
|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | is/am/are + done |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + done |
| 过去进行时 | was/were + being + done |
| 现在完成时 | has/have + been + done |
| 过去完成时 | had + been + done |
| 将来时 | will + be + done |
| 过去将来时 | would + be + done |
| 现在进行时 | is/am/are + being + done |
| 过去完成进行时 | had + been + being + done |
动词分类
| 实义动词 | 联系动词(am/is/are)、及物动词（＋宾语、双宾语、宾语从句）、不及物动词(run\read...) |
|---|---|
| 情态动词 | must can may... |
| 助动词 | do does did ... |
形容词
| 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 | 同级比较 |
|---|---|---|---|
| pretty | prettier | the prettiest | as + quickly + as |
位置
副词
频度副词
| 频率副词 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| always | 总是 |
| usually | 通常 |
| often | 经常、常常 |
| sometimes | 有时候(句首、尾表强调) |
| seldom | 很少、罕见 |
| never | 从来没有 |
位置：情be后，实词前 once twice three times... again 置于句尾
| 地点副词 | 置于句尾 | here there home abroad... |
|---|---|---|
| 时间副词 | 句首，句尾 | today yesterday tomorrow now... |
| 方式副词 | 句尾，强调放句首 | suddenly quickly slowly carefully |
句子顺序
| 主语 | 谓语 | 方式副词 | 地点副词 | 时间副词 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 谁 | 做什么 | 怎么做的 | 在哪儿做的 | 什么时间做的 |
程度副词
- very too so terribly enough... 放形容词前修饰，但enough后置
副词比较级
- 副词的原级、比较级、最高级 as副词as
数词
基数词： one、two、three...
序数词：first、second、third...
介词
| 介词 | 中文解释 |
|---|---|
| in | 在...之内 |
| on | 在...之上 |
| at | 在...处，于...时 |
| under | 在...之下 |
| beside | 在...旁边 |
| between | 在...之间 |
| over | 在...上方 |
| across | 横过，穿过 |
| till | 直到...为止 |
| with | 与...一起 |
| by | 通过，靠近 |
| for | 为了 |
| into | 进入...里 |
| through | 通过，穿越 |
| about | 关于 |
| during | 在...期间 |
| up | 向上 |
| down | 向下 |
| along | 沿着 |
| from | 从...出发 |
| behind | 在...后面 |
| before | 在...之前 |
| after | 在...之后 |
| of | 属于 |
| among | 在...之中 |
| near | 在...附近 |
| like | 像...一样 |
| to | 向... |
| except | 除了...之外 |
| off | 离开 |
| since | 自...以来 |
简单句(只描述一件事情)
并列句(多件事一样重要)
复合句(主句+从句)
- I believe that this house is for sale.(宾语从句)
- When we were having breakfast, our little boy...(时间状语从句)
- The man I served was wearing a hat.(定语从句)
- What will you do if you win a lot of money?(条件状语从句)
肯定句
| 陈述句 | 否定句 | 一般疑问句 | 特殊疑问句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| He has a book. | He doesn't have a book. | Does he have a book? | What does he have? |
附加疑问句
| 倒装句 | He doesn't say very much, does he? |
|---|---|
| 感叹句 | What a beautiful ship! |
| 祈使句 | Be careful. |
截止到《新一》笔记整理完成，已学过、出现的单词约1200个左右，通过单词量测试软件可测出约 2000+，《新一》仔细学完后可以平滑的进入《新二》的学习~
接下来的学习
《新一》的学习基本上将我们来带入了英语的大门，结合本笔记可掌握1000+的单词量，接下来尝试着去理解单词与课文，重点练习一些固定搭配和句型，然后做一件最重要的事情：