Lesson 46 Expensive and uncomfortable既昂贵又受罪 同位语从句

Expensive and uncomfortable

• It is too expensive! ^{贵得令人不能接受}
• The book is dear. ^{这本书有点贵（这本书是亲爱的）}

When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.

a (great) number of… ^{许多，若干…}

• You’ve made a number of mistakes in typing this letter.

部分动词加前缀 un- 可以表示做相反的动作

* No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy.

No one could account for the fact that… ^{谁也弄不清楚…这样一个事实}

• No one knows… ^{没有人知道…}
• No one there was able to explain the mystery. ^{那里没有人能解释这个谜。}

同位语从句^{(用一个句子做同位语解释前面的抽象名词)}

• The fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. ^{that 后面的从句为 fact 的同位语从句，说明 fact 的具体内容。}

一个句子跟在一个名词后，可以是定语从句，也可以是同位语从句。两者的区别是同位语从句后的 that 是起解释说明的作用，而定语从句是起修饰作用；that 在从句中做主语或宾语成分，则是定语从句，that 在从句中不能做主语或宾语成分，则是同位语从句

It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. ^形式主语

open up ^打开

• When he received the gifts, he opened them up at once.

He was astonished at what he found. ^{what 引导名词性从句作介词 at 的宾语，what = the thing which/that…(介词后的宾语从句)}

A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of wooden goods.

a pile of ^{一堆…(量化词)}

• piles of snow ^{一堆堆的雪}
• a pile of papers ^{一堆文件(纸)}
• a pile of leaves ^一堆树叶
• a pile of crap ^一堆粪便

He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. ^{even adv. 甚至，即使；更加，愈加；其实，实际上}

was surprised at ^{对…感到惊讶：感到对某事或某人的行为、情况或事实感到惊讶或意外。}

• He was so surprised at discovering... ^{主动 (他惊讶地发现)}
• He was so surprised at being discovered... ^{被动(他惊讶于被发现了)}

doing / being done ^{动名词与进行时被动}

• I was puzzled at being invited to the stranger's wedding. ^{被动语态 be + done，但这里什么使用了being?其跟本原因是因为 at 是一个介词，后面要跟名词、动名词，所有的Be动词中只有being是动名词。}
• She was amused at talking with her new friend. ^{主动语态：介词 at 后同上，所以将talk变成了动名词talking.}
• He was delighted at being promoted to senior manager. ^被升职了
• The thief was shocked at being caught by the police. ^被抓

He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours.

have a trip = go on a trip ^去旅行

• How I am thirsty for a chance to have a trip!^{我多么渴望有一次旅行的机会啊！}
• My family will go on a trip to Beijing this summer.^{我们一家这个夏天将去北京旅行。}

be confined to ^{把…限制起来}

• Last weekend, Tom’s mother confined him to his room.

The man was ordered to pay $3,500 for the cost of the trip.

含义 ^{一个句子做同位语去解释说明前面的名词。}

位置 ^{所解释的抽象名词后(fact, news, theory, idea, suggestion, report ...)。}

写法 ^{同宾语从句，这是因为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句的结构同属于名词性从句。同位语从句通常使用that去引导，that不做成分也不可以省略。}

• I have no doubt that he will help me.^{我毫不怀疑他将会帮我的忙。}
• We support the argument that the problems of school buses must be taken seriously.^{我们支持这种观点 ，校车问题必须被严肃对待。}
• We discuss the question whether the meeting should be held. ^{我们讨论了是否这个会议应该举行的这个问题。}
• The plan that a new subway station will be built here is welcomed.^{一个新的地铁站将会建在这里，这个计划受欢迎。}

后面可接with的动词

• I’m pleased with this room.
• Sam used to mix with those people. ^{萨姆过去常与那些人交往。}
• We’ll begin with the exercises. ^{我们从练习开始。}

后面可接for的动词

• He was searched for the stolen money.
• Can you account for his strange behavious?

后面可接at的动词 ^{at 通常用于表达感情的一些词之后，并且这些词往往用被动语态，at 用于其它动词之后一般为主动语态。}

• He was astonished at what he found.
• Dan was both surprised and amused at the news.

后面可接to的动词

• I prefer listening to music to reading newspapers.
• Will you see to this flower while I’m away? ^{我不在的时候你照看一下这花好吗？}
• I shall see to the dinner tonight. ^{今晚我做晚饭。}