Lesson 4 An exciting trip激动人心的旅行 现在完成时 同位语

First listen and then answer the question: Why is Tim finding this trip exciting?

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.

我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信。

He is in Australia. He has been there for six months.

他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了 6 个月了。

Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.

蒂姆是个工程师,正在为一家大公司工作,并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。

He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.

他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车,现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯(爱丽斯泉)

He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth.

他不久还将到达尔文去,从那里,他再飞往珀斯。

My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

我弟弟以前从未出过国,因此,他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。
6个相关单词

与课文关联的单词

exciting

/ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/adj. 令人兴奋的

receive *

/rɪˈsiːv/v. 接受,收到

firm

/fɜːm/n. 商行,公司

different

/ˈdɪfrənt/adj. 不同的

centre

/ˈsentə(r)/n. 中心

abroad

/əˈbrɔːd/adv. 在国外

课文理解在旅途 更新于:2024-03-30 06:10:00

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. §  have/has + just + done 进一步强调 just “刚刚”发生

同位语:一个名词(或短语等)与另一个名词(或短语)并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。 同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。在译成汉语时,同位语或者插入主句中,或者另译为一句,很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。
  • This is John, one of my best friends. 这位是约翰,他是我最好的朋友之一。
  • Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。
already 强调“已经”发生ever 强调“曾经”发生never 强调“从未”发生
I've already had lunch.Have you ever been there, Ken?You always say that, but we never win anything!

He has been there for six months. months 注意读音

has/have + been + in 地点 (一直待在某地)

  • He has been in Beijing for one year.
  • I have been in America for tow years.
  • I have arrived in Beijing. (arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用)

there 是一个副词,可以直接修饰动词,所以前面不能加介词。而 Beijing\America为名词,前面需要一个介词连接。


He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.

work for 在…上班/任职,强调 workwork in 强调地点(在哪个地方上班)work at 上班
I am working for a school.I am working in the New Oriental school.She works at a department store.

a number of 后面一定要加可数名词复数

通常 number 前有great,large,good,small,certain 等形容词,数量大小也随之改变。
a great number of(与 a lot of基本相同)a lot of 可数名词复数/不可数名词a great deal of 可数名词复数/不可数名词
  • A large / great number of our students are Danish. 许多、大量
  • There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework. 少许、不多
  • I have a great number of friends.
  • I have a lot of friends 我有很多朋友
  • There is a great deal of work to be done.(有很多工作要做。)
  • She has a great deal of experience in marketing.(她在市场营销方面有丰富的经验。)
  • We have received a great deal of support from the community.(我们从社区得到了大量的支持。)
修饰可数名词时,要使用复数形式,而当修饰不可数名词时,则直接使用不可数名词本身。

He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.

gone to 去了been to 去过
has gone to 去了某地没回来has been to 曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方
I have gone to Paris.去了巴黎(我在巴黎的)Have you been to Paris? 去过巴黎没?

spring 春天、喷泉、弹簧

  • Alice Spring 爱丽丝泉(澳大利亚)
  • Alice springs 艾丽斯斯普林斯

From there, he will fly to Perth. from A to B 从A点到B点

fly to Perth = go to Perth by air

from + 时间from + 地点 §
  • from 11 o'clock 从11点开始
  • from half past 8 to half past 11 时间
  • from there 从那地方起
  • from Beijing to Tianjing

My brother has never been abroad before before 在句子是副词, 译为“在此之前”,是现在完成时态的标志, so he is fending this trip very exciting.

find 作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语(一般为形容词)说明宾语的状况、性质等。

find + 宾语 + adj. (主谓宾+宾补)be finding 在口语中经常使用
  • find the room clean.
  • find her happy.
  • He is fending this trip very exciting(补充说明this trip)
  • I'm finding... 我发现
  • We’re finding... 我们发现
  • She/He is finding ... 她/他发现

下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时

单词中文不可用于进行时的原因
believe [bɪˈliːv]相信表示信仰、信任或认为某事是真实的状态,无法以进行时形式描述
doubt [daʊt]怀疑表示对某事有怀疑或不确定的感觉,无法以进行时形式描述
see [siː]看见表示视觉上察觉到某物,动作瞬间完成,无法以进行时形式描述
hear [hɪr]听见表示听觉上察觉到某声音,动作瞬间完成,无法以进行时形式描述
know [noʊ]知道表示对信息或知识有认知,无法以进行时形式描述
understand [ˌʌndərˈstænd]理解表示对某事有理解或领悟,无法以进行时形式描述
belong [bɪˈlɔŋ]属于表示所属关系,无法以进行时形式描述
think [θɪŋk]思考、认为表示思维活动或某种看法、观点,无法以进行时形式描述
consider [kənˈsɪdər]考虑表示对某事进行思考和权衡,无法以进行时形式描述
feel [fiːl]感觉、觉得表示情感、感官或心理上的体验或感受,无法以进行时形式描述
look [lʊk]看、看起来表示视觉上的动作或外貌特征,无法以进行时形式描述
seem [siːm]似乎表示根据表面现象判断某事的状态或性质,无法以进行时形式描述
show [ʃoʊ]展示、显示表示展示或展示出某种特征或行为,无法以进行时形式描述
mind [maɪnd]介意、在乎表示对某事持有某种态度或注意力集中在某事上,无法以进行时形式描述
have [hæv]拥有、经历表示具有某种所有权或经历某种经历或状态,无法以进行时形式描述
sound [saʊnd]听起来表示听觉上的感受或声音的特征,动作瞬间完成,无法以进行时形式描述
taste [teɪst]尝起来表示味觉上的感受或口味的特征,动作瞬间完成,无法以进行时形式描述
require [rɪˈkwaɪər]需要表示必须要求或需要某物,无法以进行时形式描述
possess [pəˈzɛs]拥有表示拥有某物,无法以进行时形式描述
care [kɛr]关心、在乎表示关心或在意某事,无法以进行时形式描述
like [laɪk]喜欢表示对某物持有好感或喜欢,无法以进行时形式描述
hate [heɪt]讨厌表示对某物或某事持有强烈的反感或厌恶,无法以进行时形式描述
love [lʌv]爱、喜欢表示对某人或某物具有深情或喜爱,无法以进行时形式描述
detest [dɪˈtɛst]憎恶表示对某事或某人强烈的憎恶或厌恶,无法以进行时形式描述
desire [dɪˈzaɪər]渴望、欲望表示强烈的愿望或渴望,无法以进行时形式描述

语法知识现在完成时 更新于:2024-03-30 06:16:47

现在完成时表示动作现存的结果,或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。

结构:have/has + done(v. 过去分词)

全部完成(截止到现在)部分完成(截止到现在)
He has finished the homework.We have learned English for ten years.

用法:完成? 现在的之前

做没做完并不重要,重要的是站在哪个角度去看。现在完成时是站在现在的这个角度往之前看。现在完成时表示动作现存的结果,或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。
句型助动词 三单助动词 非三单
现在完成时He has finished the homework.I have finished the work.
否定句He has not finished the homework.(hasn't)I have not finished the work.(haven't)
一般疑问句Has he finished the homework?Have you finished the work?
特殊疑问句What has he done?What have you done?

常与现在完成时连用的副词副词短语

词组用法
before (now)I have never been to Paris before.(我以前从未去过巴黎。)
it’s the first timeIt's the first time I've tried sushi.(这是我第一次尝试寿司。)
so farSo far, I have finished three books this month.到目前为止,我这个月已经读完了三本书。)
so far this morningI have received three emails so far this morning.到今天早上为止,我今天上午已经收到了三封邮件。)
up to nowUp to now, I haven't received any updates on the project.直到现在,我还没有收到关于项目的任何更新。)
up to the presentUp to the present, she has published ten research papers.直到现在,她已经发表了十篇研究论文。)
justI have just finished my homework.(我做完作业。)
recentlyHave you seen her recently?(你最近见过她吗?)
alreadyHe has already eaten dinner.(他已经吃过晚饭了。)
latelyLately, I've been feeling tired all the time.最近,我一直感觉很累。)
nowI have a meeting now.(我现在有一个会议。)
forI have been learning Spanish for two years.(我已经学习西班牙语两年了。)
since + 时间She has been working here since 2010.(她自2010年以来一直在这里工作。)
tillThe store is open till 9 PM.(商店一直开放到晚上9点。)
at lastI have found my keys at last.(我终于找到了我的钥匙。)
finallyHe has finally finished his thesis.(他终于完成了他的论文。)

疑问句否定句

词组用法
everHave you ever been to Paris?(你曾经去过巴黎吗?)
yetHave you finished your homework yet?(你完成作业吗?)
neverI have never seen a shooting star.(我从来没有见过流星。)
not…everHe does not ever eat spicy food.(他从不吃辣食。)
have you everHave you ever been skydiving?你曾经体验过跳伞吗?)
yet toHe is yet to finish his project.(他尚未完成他的项目。)
never againI will never again trust him.(我再也不会信任他。)
not yetI have not yet received the package.(我还没有收到包裹。)
ever sinceI have been happy ever since I met you.自从遇见你之后,我一直很幸福。)
never beforeThis has never happened before.(这从未发生过。)
not anymoreHe doesn't work here anymore.(他不再在这里工作了。)
just yetI can't leave just yet.(我不能离开。)
evermoreI will love you evermore.(我将永远爱你。)
never mindNever mind, it's not important.没关系,这不重要。)
not anymoreHe doesn't live here anymore.(他不再住在这里了。)
have yet toI have yet to meet my new neighbor.(我还没见过我的新邻居。)
  • I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning. 到今天上午为止,我已经种了十四丛玫瑰。
  • I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here. 我已经在这里住了好几年了,自从我住在这里以来,我交了很多新朋友。

现在完成时还可和表示频度的副词连用,表示反复和习惯性动作。

词组用法
oftenI often go for a walk in the park.(我经常在公园散步。)
frequentlyShe frequently travels for work.(她经常出差。)
three timesI have visited that museum three times.(我去过那个博物馆三次。)
quite oftenHe comes to visit us quite often.(他相当频繁地来看我们。)
regularlyThey meet regularly for coffee on Fridays.(他们每周五定期见面喝咖啡。)
repeatedlyThe child kept asking the same question repeatedly.(孩子一再询问同一个问题。)
frequentlyI frequently see him at the gym.(我经常在健身房里见到他。)
dailyShe goes for a run daily.(她每天都去跑步。)
oftentimesOftentimes, people judge others based on appearance.往往人们会根据外貌来评判他人。)
sometimesSometimes, I like to relax and watch movies.有时候,我喜欢放松看电影。)
occasionallyWe go out for dinner occasionally.(我们偶尔出去吃饭。)
seldomHe seldom goes to parties.(他很少去参加派对。)
rarelyI rarely eat fast food.(我很少吃快餐。)
once in a whileOnce in a while, we treat ourselves to a spa day.偶尔,我们会给自己放松一天。)
every now and thenThey go on vacations every now and then.(他们时不时会去度假。)

扩展知识区分动词的过去式和过去分词 更新于:2023-12-23 03:48:07

原型 (Base Form)过去式 (Past Tense)过去分词 (Past Participle)是否规则
visitvisitedvisited
buyboughtbought×
ringrangrung×
过去式(did)过去分词(done)
  • 规则变化:动词 + ed §
  • 不规则:死记硬背,需要明确的分清楚 §
只有唯一的用途,即用于“一般过去时所有的“完成时态”、“被动语态”、“非谓语动词”。
共有11题需要完成

练习题

  1. I have had breakfast.(单选)
    A、yet
    B、just
    C、is
    D、a
  2. He has been in prison .(单选)
    A、for one years
    B、for two month
    C、for six months
    D、for three day
  3. The police have notcaught the thief .(单选)
    A、yet
    B、just
    C、still
    D、finally
  4. Have you met him ?(单选)
    A、before,ever
    B、never, lately
    C、lately, never
    D、ever, before
  5. Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight? - Thank you very much, but I it already.(单选)
    A、see
    B、will see
    C、have seen
    D、am seeing
  6. Up to now, the program thousands of children who would otherwise have died.(单选)
    A、would save
    B、saves
    C、had saved
    D、has saved
  7. Miss Gao isn't here. She to the bus station to meet Mr. Brown.(单选)
    A、go
    B、has gone
    C、has been
    D、would go
  8. - Look! Somebody the sofa. -Well, it wasn't me. I didn't do it.(单选)
    A、is cleaning
    B、was cleaning
    C、has cleaned
    D、had cleaned
  9. Tim is in Australia. He went Australia six months ago.(单选)
    A、to
    B、in
    C、at
    D、into
  10. Tim is in Australia. How long there?(单选)
    A、is he
    B、has he been
    C、has he
    D、was he
  11. He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin .(单选)
    A、quickly
    B、for a short time
    C、shortly
    D、in a hurry