Lesson 083&84 Going on holiday度假 现在完成时
Listen to the tape then answer this question: Where did Sam go for his holiday this year?
| CAROL: | Hello, Sam. 你好，萨姆。 Come in. 进来吧。 |
| TOM: | Hi, Sam. 你好，萨姆。 We're having lunch. 我们正在吃午饭。 Do you want to have lunch with us? 你跟我们一起吃午饭好吗？ |
| SAM: | No, thank you, Tom. 不，汤姆，谢谢。 I've already had lunch. 我已经吃过饭了。 I had lunch at half past twelve. 我在12点半吃的。 |
| CAROL: | Have a cup of coffee then. 那么喝杯咖啡吧。 |
| SAM: | I've just had a cup, thank you. 我刚喝了一杯，谢谢。 I had one after my lunch. 我是在饭后喝的。 |
| TOM: | Let's go into the living room, Carol. 我们到客厅去吧，卡罗尔。 We can have our coffee there. 我们可以在那里喝咖啡。 |
| CAROL: | Excuse the mess, Sam. 屋子很乱，请原谅，萨姆。 This room's very untidy. 房间里乱七八糟。 We're packing our suitcases. 我们正在收拾行李箱。 We're going to leave tomorrow. 明天我们就要走了。 Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和汤姆准备去度假。 |
| SAM: | Aren't you lucky! 你们真幸运！ |
| TOM: | When are you going to have a holiday, Sam? 萨姆，你准备什么时候去度假？ |
| SAM: | I don't know. 我不知道。 I've already had my holiday this year. 我今年我已经度过假了。 |
| TOM: | Where did you go? 你去哪儿了？ |
| SAM: | I stayed at home! 我呆在家里了！ |
课文理解在家度假 更新于:2023-12-11 07:54:41
I’ve already had lunch. 现在完成时(在某个时间完成了某事)
already adv. 已经(肯定句、疑问句)(通常不会用于否定句中)
- He has already had a bath. （already通常在 done 前）他已经洗完澡了。
- I have already had my lesson. 我已经上完课了。
- Have you already done your homework? 你已经完成作业了吗？
- Has he already had a swim? 他已经游完泳了吗？
上列句子中，不使用“already”一样的可以表示已经完成（already表强调），某个时间点做某事的全部完成而不是部分完成。
I had lunch at half past twelve. 一般过去时（在某个时间点做过某事）
Have (实义动词) a cup of coffee then.
| 现在完成时 | 一般过去时 |
|---|---|
| I’ve just had a cup.(刚喝了一杯) | I had one after my lunch.(饭后喝了一杯) |
just adv. 刚刚（肯定句）（ 通常在 have\has 的后面）
- He has just had a bath. 后他刚刚洗完澡。
- I have just had my lesson. 我刚刚上完课。
Aren’t you lucky! （否定疑问句）
- Are you lucky? 你幸运吗、
- Aren’t you lucky? 难道你不幸运吗？
- You are so lucky！你可真幸运啊！
语法知识现在完成时态 更新于:2023-12-11 08:08:07
现在完成时态用来描述过去发生的动作或事件与现在的关联。它通常表示一个过去的行为、经历或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。
现在完成时态里的动作是过去发生的，到现在这个时间时，可以全部完成，也可以部分完成。
| 全部完成（可以转为一般过去时） | 部分完成 |
|---|---|
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动词与时态的关系
| 原型 | 三单(现在时) | 过去式(一般过去时) | 过去分词(完成时) | 现在分词(进行时) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| do (规则) | does | did | done | doing |
| 一般情况 + s | 一般情况 + ed | 一般情况 + ing | ||
| 以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i + es | 以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i + ed | 以ie结尾，变ie为y + ing | ||
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现在完成时态
| 陈述句 | 否定句 | 一般疑问句 |
|---|---|---|
| 主语 + has\have + done | have\ has + not | have\ has 提前 |
| I have aired the room. | You have not aired the room. | Have you aired the room? |
| He has watched the movie. | He has not watched the movie. | Has he watched the movie? |
| We have arrived in Beijing. | We have not arrived in Beijing. | Have we arrived in Beijing? |
| I have had breakfast. | You have not had breakfast. | Have you had breakfast? |
| He has had his holiday. | He has not had his holiday. | Has he had his holiday? |
| She has had a haircut. | She has not had a haircut. | Has she had a haircut? |
have/has 这里不会翻译任何的意思出来，在现在完成时里的have/has与一般现在时里的do/does一样是助动词，用于帮助实义动词的过去分词实现现在完成时态的。
所以have/has的用法也和do/does一样。在否定句、疑问里面直接提前或者加not。
单词句型Have you had...? 更新于:2023-12-11 07:39:50
| Have you had any | fruit. |
| bananas. | |
| oranges. | |
| peaches. | |
| apples. |
可数与不可数名词的代替 §
| 复数 | 单数 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Have some coffee. | I've already had some. | Have a banana. | I've already had one. |
| Have some beer. | Have an apple. | ||
| Have some milk. | Have a peach. | ||
| Have some cheese. | Have a glass of water. | ||
| Have some juice. | Have a biscuit. | ||
可数名词使用one替换，不可数使用some.
扩展知识西方的节假日 更新于:2023-12-11 07:25:07
- New Year’s Day 新 年
- Valentine’s Day 情人节（Feb.14th ）
- Easter Day 复活节 (the first Sunday after the full moon following the spring equinox )
- April Fool’s Day 愚人节（Apr.1st ）
- Halloween 万圣节 (Nov. 1st )
- Thanksgiving Day 感恩节（the last Thursday of Nov.）
- Christmas Day 圣诞节 (Dec. 25th) 不说
Happy而是 Merry Christmas！