Lesson 17 A man-made disease人为的疾病

In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit.

知识点（1）时间

days 时期

in the early days (of …) 在…的早期

※ in the early days of spring / our marriage / the Qing Dynasty … 

in the pioneering days (of …) 在…的创始时期

※ In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. 

【复习】时间表达总结（24）Lesson03-21、Lesson03-24

in one’s youth  在某人年轻的时候

in one’s childhood 童年时期

in one’s early years  小的时候

in one’s adolescence  青春期

in one’s middle age  中年

in one’s old age  老年

※ The reader's hair stands on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.

somebody's day 某人鼎盛时期

※ Every dog has his day.

※ Don't be disappointed: your day will come.

※ In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.

知识点（2）

【近义词组】表达“不明智的”：

unwise adj. 不明智的；愚蠢的；轻率的

ill-advised  adj. 没脑筋的；欠考虑的

impolitic  adj. 失策的；不明智的

folly n. 愚蠢；愚笨；愚蠢的想法（或事情、行为）

※ Seward’s Folly; it refers to the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867. William Seward Seward’s Folly Seward’s Ice Box

This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits.

This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that（所以） it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits（形容词短语做后置定语）（with... 方式状语从句）. （so that…结果状语从句）

知识点（1）

natural enemies 天敌

※ Porpoises and sharks are natural enemies. 

知识点（2）

the Antipodes 地球相反的位置

antipodes n. 地球上处于正相对应的两个地区，尤指（与欧洲形成对跖地的）澳大拉西亚

知识点（3）

do sth. with wild / gay / reckless /… abandon 以...放任的方式做某事

※ They danced with wild abandon.

※ Christmas shoppers are spending money with reckless abandon. 

知识点（4）

be characteristic of …  是…的典型特征

= be typical of …

※ Such bluntness is characteristic of him.

※ The creamy richness is characteristic of the cheese from the region.

※ 考研英语（阅读真题）：

※ With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated.

【同根词】

characterize vt. 是 … 的特征；以 … 为典型

※ Bright colors and bold strokes characterize his early paintings. 

be characterized by … 具有…的特征

※ 考研英语

※ Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep.

It overran a whole continent.

知识点（3）

overrun (overran overrun) v. 英文解释：to be present in a place in such large amounts or numbers that it is unpleasant 泛滥，蔓延

※ Weeds have overrun the garden.

※ The warehouse was overrun by / with mice. 

※ a mall overrun by / with shoppers

It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle.

It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle（which...定语从句）. （by... 方式状语）

知识点（1）

herbage 牧草

pasture 牧场

※ Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.

Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis.

Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal（插入语）) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. （that… 宾语从句）

知识点（1）

variety  n. 多样；种类；杂耍；变化，多样化

※ The lake has more than 20 varieties of fish. 

【近义词】

species n. [生物] 物种；种类 adj. 物种上的

※ endangered species 

genre n. 类型；种类；体裁；样式；流派；风俗画

※ a musical / literary genre 

of a … nature 做后置定语，修饰前面的名词；表示“某种类型的…”Lesson04-03

※ … dangers of the most perilous nature …

※ I can’t approve of things of this nature. 这种事

※ treaties of a political nature 政治性的条约

※ books of an erotic nature 色情的书刊

※ questions of an academic nature 学术性的问题

※ articles of a technical nature 技术性的文章

By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created.

知识点（1）

let … loose 释放

※ The kidnappers let him loose on a dark country lane. 

【近似词组】表达“释放”：

free …

release …

let … go

※ Please release me, let me go. For I don't love you anymore. To waste our lives would be a sin. Release me and let me love again. 

liberate 解放

※ Allied armies liberated France from the Nazis.

emancipate 解放（宾语是人）

※ emancipate slaves / women 

※ the Emancipation Proclamation

Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits.

Later it（形式主语）was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits（which...定语从句）. （that...主语从句）

知识点（1）

【近义词组】表达“作为”：

act as … 

serve as … 

function as … 

be used as … 

知识点（2）

carrier n. [化学] 载体；运送者；带菌者

※ carry a disease

※ We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.

知识点（3）

pass sth. on to sb. 把…转交给…；（派生）传染

※ I’ll pass your complaints on to my superiors. 

※ He passed his cold on to me.

【近义词组】表达“传播疾病”：

communicate / transmit a disease to … 

So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one.

知识点（1）

get rid of … 打发走；（派生）除掉

= dispose of …

※ It took me over half an hour to get rid of him.

※ There is no quicker method of disposing of patients than by giving them what they are asking for, …

※ I used weedkiller to get rid of the weeds in the garden. 

※ The president ruthlessly disposed of his rivals. 

知识点（2）

encourage v. 促进，助长

※ Poor hygiene encourages the spread of disease.

It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population.

知识点（1）

all over the continent 遍布了…

around the continent 

throughout the continent 

the continent over

※ Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behaviour more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant.

知识点（2）

drastic adj. extreme and sudden 极端的；急剧的；严厉的；猛烈的

※ take drastic measures 采取极端措施

※ drastic cuts in government spending 大幅缩减开支

※ The size of the army was drastically cut.

It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated.

it（形式主语）later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease（that...主语从句）, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. （so that…结果状语从句）

知识点（1）【课文句型提炼】

it became clear / obvious / apparent / evident that … 明显看出

※ It soon became clear / obvious / apparent / evident that she did not have a genuine interest in her job.

【复习】Lesson03-16

it is / was clear / obvious / apparent / evident that … 显然

※ The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen. 

※ 造句：该药有效地抑制了 (restrain) 肿瘤的生长，但是，经过一段时间 (in the course of time)，肿瘤对该药产生了一定程度的抗药性。

知识点（2）【课文仿写】  

※ The medicine effectively restrained the growth of the tumor, which, in the course of time, however, developed a degree of resistance to it. 

There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable.

知识点（1）Lesson03-34、Lesson03-43词组搭配  

there be +  无灵主语 （地道句式）

there is always hope that …               总是会有…的希望

there is no denying that ...  不可否认的是…

there is no doubt/ question that ...  毫无疑问的是…

there is every likelihood that ...  很有可能的是…

there is little likelihood that ...  不大可能的是…

there is no shortage of ...  有的是…

※ Of course, New York is the ideal place for such an interesting study, because there is no shortage of tall buildings.

there is an element of truth in ...  有点道理…

※ Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.

there is a good deal of truth in ...  很有道理…

※ Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea.

there is a truth in 有道理

※ Albert Einstein once attributed the creativity in a famous scientist to the fact that he never went to school. There is undoubtedly a truth in his observation, but such a truth is not criticism of schools.

知识点（2）

manageable adj. easy to control or deal with 易管理的；易控制的；易办的

※ My hair is more manageable since I had it cut.

Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence.

Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia（which... 非限定性定语从句）, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence.

A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis.

It did not, however, remain within the confines of this estate.

知识点（1）

confines n. 范围

※ The open sea was deep and mysterious, and anyone who gave more than a passing thought to the bottom confines of the oceans probably assumed that the sea bed was flat.

within the confines of … 在…范围之内

beyond the confines of … 在…范围之外

※ within the confines of the farm / the law

※ beyond the confines of human knowledge

It spread through France, where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as a sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry.

It spread through France, where wild rabbits are not（不是） generally regarded as a pest but（而是） as a sport and a useful food supply（where... 非限定性定语从句）, and（大并列）  it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest （where...定语从句）but（定语从句并列） where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease（插入语）, are the basis of a profitable fur industry.

知识点（1）

sport n. 英文解释：an activity that people do in the countryside, especially hunting or fishing （狩猎，钓鱼等）乡间活动，消遣

知识点（2）

domesticated adj. 英文解释：domesticated animals are able to work for people or live with them as pets 家养的，驯化的

※ domesticated animals such as sheep and horses

知识点（3）

注意：不规则复数变化形式；拉丁词

basis / bases

axis / axes 

thesis / theses

ellipsis / ellipses 

analysis / analyses

diagnosis / diagnoses 

hypothesis / hypotheses 

知识点（4）

on the basis of … 在…的基础之上

※ Decisions were often made on the basis of incorrect information. 

【辨析】

base n.底部；基地

※ I examined one of the pens closely. It certainly looked genuine. At the base of the gold cap, the words 'made in the U.S.A' had been neatly inscribed.

※ It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave.

The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.

The question became one of（介词of引出同位语） whether Man could control the disease he had invented（定语从句）. （whether… 宾语从句）