surround [səˈraund] v. 包围
【构】sur（表示“在上”的前缀）＋round（圆形）＝surround（包围）
【派】surrounding 周围的事物
【扩】enclose 包围
* * *
A: It's a place surrounded by the clear blue sky and sea.
B: I think I will love it.
A：那是一个被蓝天碧水包围的地方。
B：我想我会喜欢那儿的。
* * *
wood [wud] n. 树林
beauty spot [ˈbjuːti-spɔt] 风景点
hundred [ˈhʌndrəd] n. 百
city [ˈsiti] n. 城市
* * *
A: I want to travel around the city by taxi.
B: Do you need a translator to go with you?
A：我想乘出租车在城里转转。
B：你需要一名翻译陪你一起去吗？
* * *
through [θruː] prep. 穿过
【派】throughout 贯穿
【搭】pass through 穿过
* * *
A: Pull over. You went through a red light.
B: Sorry, I didn't notice it.
A：靠边，你闯红灯了。
B：对不起，我没有注意到。
* * *
visitor [ˈvizitə] n. 参观者，游客，来访者
* * *
A: They can make the visitors laugh every time.
B: How do they make it?
A：它们每次总能使游人捧腹大笑。
B：它们是怎么做到的？
* * *
tidy [ˈtaidi] adj. 整齐的
litter [ˈlitə] n. 杂乱的东西
litter basket 废物筐
place [pleis] v. 放
【扩】put 放
【搭】take place 发生
take the place of 代替
in place of 代替
* * *
A: Where do you think we can place the table?
B: Let me think about it first.
A：你认为我们把这张桌子放在哪儿好呢？
B：我先想想。
* * *
throw [θrəu] v. 扔，抛
【扩】toss 投掷，扔
【搭】throw away 抛弃 throw up 呕吐
* * *
A: I passed my driving test! The DMV gave me a real license. Now I can throw away my learner's permit!
B: Congratulations! BTW, is the parallel parking part of the test as hard as people say?
A：我通过了路考！车管所给我发了驾照。现在我可以把我的学车证扔掉了。
B：恭喜！顺便问一下，路边停车真的像人们说的那么难考吗？
* * *
rubbish [ˈrʌbiʃ] n. 垃圾
count [kaunt] v. 数，点
cover [ˈkʌvə] v. 覆盖
【派】coverlet 被罩 coverage 覆盖
【扩】overcast 遮盖
【搭】be covered with 充满
under the cover of
在……的掩护之下
* * *
A: We've got the marketing net to cover the nation.
B: The business must be good.
A：我们拥有覆盖全国的销售网。
B：生意一定不错吧。
* * *
piece [piːs] n. 碎片
tyre [taiə] n. 轮胎
rusty [ˈrʌsti] adj. 生锈的
【扩】oxidize 生锈 rusting 生锈
* * *
A: Some component parts were found covered with rust on opening the package by inspectors at the destination this time.
B: How many of them are rusty?
A：到货港的商检员在开包检验时发现这批货物中一些零件生锈了。
B：有多少零件生锈了？
* * *
among [əˈmʌŋ] prep. 在……之间
* * *
A: Is there any good restaurant nearby?
B: Yes, this one is very popular among the tourists.
A：这附近有没有不错的饭店？
B：有，这一家很受游客欢迎。
* * *
prosecute [ˈprɔsikjuːt] v. 依法处置
【派】prosecution 检举
【扩】impeach 弹劾，怀疑
【搭】prosecute sb. for a crime 检控某人犯某罪
verb [vt. 及物动词]围绕，环绕；（军队，警察等）包围；与…紧密相连（或相关）；喜欢结交（某类人），身边总有（某类东西） - The small churchyard was surrounded by a rusted wrought-iron fence. 这个小墓地被一道生锈的锻铁栅栏围着。
noun [抽象名词]（物品的）边，饰边；周围的事物，环境 - Tall trees surround the lake. 环湖都是大树。
adjective [原级]圆形的，球形的；圆弧的；（人）圆肩的；（人的身体）丰满的；（声音）圆润的；整数的；（数字）完整精确的，完全的；<古>（钱）大量的，可观的；<古>（人或其说话方式）率直的，耿直的；（表面）无棱角的，弯曲的 - She had small feet and hands and a flat, round face. 她有一对小手小脚和一张扁平的圆脸。
adverb [方式副词]旋转，环绕；周长，绕一整圈；在周围，围绕；到处，四处；朝反方向，转过来；绕弯，向另一侧；逐一，挨个； <非正式> 到某地，在某地（尤指居住地）；大约；闲着，无所事事；从头至尾；用以表达行进或确定方向的能力 - Sue got a sympathetic round of applause. 苏获得了一阵同情的掌声。
preposition [方式和原因]环绕，围绕；（抽象物）以…为中心；绕过，到…的另一边；解决（问题）；在…周围，包围；在…各处；在…整个期间，贯穿 - A round number is a multiple of 10, 100, 1,000, and so on. Round numbers are used instead of precise ones to give the general idea of a quantity or proportion. 整十，整百，整千…的数
noun [抽象名词]轮次；（比赛的）轮，局，场；（拳击、摔跤比赛的）回合；一整场高尔夫球；一系列常规活动；<英>（固定的）递送路线；巡访，巡诊；（为在场同伴买的）一巡（饮料）；（掌声、喝彩等的）一阵；轮唱曲；一枪，一发；（固定距离射出的）固定箭数；圆形物 - She had small feet and hands and a flat, round face. 她有一对小手小脚和一张扁平的圆脸。
verb [vt. 及物动词]环绕，绕过；（使）成圆形，变圆；以圆唇发（元音），使（唇）圆化；取整，四舍五入；圆满结束，满意完成；进展；发胖，变丰满 - The house disappeared from sight as we rounded a corner. 那栋房屋在我们绕过街角时从视线中消失了。
noun [物质名词]木材，木料，木头；树林，林地；（高尔夫）木头球棒，木棒；木制酒桶；木棒挥击；（滚木球戏中所用重心略偏的）圆球 - Their dishes were made of wood.
adjective [原级]木制的；用来切割或加工木材的；用木材做燃料的 - He looped the rope over the wood.
verb [vt. 及物动词]收集木材；植林于；给…添加木柴 - If it's made of wood it will float.
noun [具体名词]森林，林区；（森林似的）一丛，一片；御猎场 - Parts of the forest are still dense and inaccessible. 森林的一些地方仍然茂密不可进入。
verb [vi. 不及物动词]被森林覆盖，植林于 - We need to preserve the forest. 我们需要保护森林。
noun [专属名词]（热带）丛林；弱肉强食的地方；杂草丛生的地方；杂乱无章的一堆；丛林音乐（一种快速舞蹈音乐） - Social Security law and procedure remain a jungle of complex rules. 社会保障法律和程序仍然是充满复杂规定的一团糟。
noun [专属名词]风景区；美人痣 - The Valley of Vinales is a lush and fertile valley and one of Cuba's finest beauty spots. 比尼亚莱斯谷草木繁茂，土地富饶，是古巴最美的风景胜地之一。
noun [具体名词]地点，场所；（人体的）部位，地方；有某种特质的部分；点，斑点；污点，污渍；（皮肤上的）丘疹，疱疹；（演出中）某演员的固定节目；排名位置； <英>少量，一点；几滴，少许（液体）；困境，窘境；现货交易，现金交易；聚光灯（spotlight 的简称）；（人格或名誉的）污点，瑕玷；<美>（多米诺牌、纸牌或骰子上的）点；调灰泥板，调石膏板 - Spots on a person's skin are small lumps or marks. (皮肤上的) 小疙瘩; 斑
verb [vi. 不及物动词]看见，注意到；（对比赛对手）让分，让步；飘了几滴雨，下小雨；发现，挖掘（某人有天赋）；<非正式>借（钱）给；使有斑点，使有污迹；稀疏地点缀（表面，某地） - If you spot something or someone, you notice them. 发现 Vicenzo failed to spot the error. 维森佐没能发现这个错误。
adjective [原级]现货交易的，立即支付的 - If you do something on the spot, you do it immediately. 当即; 当场 • James was called to see the producer and got the job on the spot. 詹姆斯被叫去见那个制片人，当即得到了那份工作。
通过音标确定正确读音
| stop /stɑːp/ | lot /lɑːt/ | hot /hɑːt/ |
| boss /bɔːs/ | log /lɔːɡ/ | dog /dɔːɡ/ |
- a big red spot 大红斑
- a spot on one’s reputation 名誉上的污点
- A leopard won’t change its spots.江山易改本性难移。
| spot of sth. 有点... | You seem to be having a spot of bother with your car, can I help? a spot of bother |
|---|---|
| a scenic spot 风景名胜点 |
|
| on the spot 在现场 | Ten minutes after calling 911, a police car arrived on the spot. |
- Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out.
- He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.
- Dr. Marcy and Dr. Butler also spotted the first “family” of three planets.
- Chick Webb spotted her in an amateur competition when she was sixteen.
noun [抽象名词]一百；许多，数量大；一百美元（英镑）的纸币；百位数；（表示24小时制的整点）一点、两点、三点等整；（板球）击球手获得的一百（或以上）的得分 - According to one official more than a hundred people have been arrested. 据一名官员说，已有一百多人被捕。
adjective [原级]一百的；许多的 - Hundreds of tree species face extinction. 很多树种濒临灭绝。
- Two hundred (200) 两百
- Three hundred and fifty (350) 三百五十
- One hundred and twenty-seven (127) 一百二十七
- There were hundreds of people at the concert. 那次音乐会上有成百上千的人。
- She put in a hundred percent effort into her work. 她在工作中付出了百分之百的努力。
通常以“years old”结尾：
- The woman is over a hundred years old. 这位女士已经一百多岁了。
- The 19th century was a time of great change. 十九世纪是一个变革的时代。
- Our company was founded in the 20th century. 我们的公司创立于二十世纪。
有一些固定短语中常见到“hundred”：
- The Hundred Years' War: 百年战争
- A hundredfold: 百倍
noun [具体名词]城市，都市；市民，全市居民；市政府；<非正式>充满…的地方；<英>伦敦金融、商业区；<英>（国王或女王授权的）特许市；<美>（由州政府划定市界并授予特权的）特权市 - The city is full of diversions. 城市里各种娱乐活动比比皆是。
preposition [方式和原因]穿过，从一端到另一端；透过（玻璃、窗户等）；越过（地区或空间），在…之间；断开，洞穿；（在应停处）径直通过；以，凭借；贯穿，遍及；自始至终，从头至尾；<美>直至；彻底地（查看或检查）；经历，度过；胜利完成；（提议、观点）获得通过，得到批准 - The theatre was evacuated when rain poured through the roof. 雨水从屋顶灌下来，剧院就被撤空了。
adverb [方式副词]从一端到另一端；完全地，彻底地，十足地；接通电话；通过（障碍、阶段或测试）；直达，迳直；从头至尾；到（某个阶段或某种程度）；切断， 凿穿；胜利完成 - There was a hole in the wall and water was seeping through. 墙上有个洞，水正渗出来。
adjective [原级]完成的，结束的；直达的，直通的，中途不停的；断绝的；（公路）对穿的，双向的；（房间）与楼两对面通透的；（竞赛队，竞技者）进入下一轮（比赛）的 - If you are through with something or if it is through, you have finished doing it. 完成的
noun [抽象名词]访问者，参观者；（网站的）浏览者；客队队员（visitors）；候鸟；<英>（大学或其他学术机构的）督察员 - I wasn't expecting a visitor.
noun [抽象名词]客人；特邀嘉宾，客串演员；顾客，房客；寄居昆虫 - She was a guest at the wedding.
verb [vi. 不及物动词]做特邀嘉宾，客串 - Our special guest tonight is...
adjective [原级]整洁的，有条理的；（人）爱整洁的，爱整齐的；<非正式>（款额）巨大的；相当好的，令人满意的 - Something that is tidy is neat and is arranged in an organized way. 整洁的 They sat in her neat and tidy kitchen. 他们坐在她那干净整齐的厨房里。
verb [vt. 及物动词]使整洁，整理 - When you tidy a place such as a room or cupboard, you make it neat by putting things in their proper places. 整理 (房间、橱柜等)
noun [抽象名词]盛零碎物品的容器；<英>整理，收拾；<美>（椅子靠背的）罩单，套子 - I'm very impressed by your tidiness and order. 你的整洁和条理性给我留下了非常深刻的印象。
noun [具体名词]（公共场所内乱扔的）垃圾，废弃物；一堆杂乱的东西；（同时出生的）一窝（小动物）；猫砂；（森林里的）落叶，落叶层；（家畜睡觉用的）褥草，垫草；轿子；担架 - A litter is a group of animals born to the same mother at the same time. 一窝 • ...a litter of pups. …一窝小狗。
verb [vi. 不及物动词]散乱覆盖；（在公共场所）乱扔（垃圾）；使（某事物）充满；（狗、猫等动物）产仔；<古>（为马或其他动物）铺褥草 - If a number of things litter a place, they are scattered around it or over it. 散放在 • Glass from broken bottles litters the sidewalk. 碎瓶子的玻璃渣散落在人行道上。
noun [专属名词]垃圾篮：用于临时存放废弃物的篮子，通常设在公共场所，方便人们丢弃垃圾。 - After asking my mom what was wrong with the dryer, I found out that for two days my cat had been using my laundry basket as a litter box.
noun [具体名词]地点，场所；城镇（或建筑物等）；（有特定用途的）场所；（尤指）身体某处；家，住所；（书本或讲话中的）地方；（尤指占用或空着的）座位，位置；地位；职权；机会，资格，名额；合适的场合（或时机），恰当位置；境况；排名；（包括周围场地的）乡间住宅；一套餐具 - You can use the place to refer to the point, building, area, town, or country that you have already mentioned. (提到过的点、建筑、地区、城镇、国家等) 地方
verb [vt. 及物动词]放置；使处于某种境地，施加；将…置于…的控制之下；以某种态度对待（或看待）；认出，想起；下指示，请求；登（广告等）；安置；排名，归类 - If you place something somewhere, you put it in a particular position, especially in a careful, firm, or deliberate way. (小心地、稳妥地或从容地) 放置
verb [vt. 及物动词]投，掷，抛，扔；掷（色子），掷出（色子的点数）；随手扔下（某物）；猛推，使劲撞；急伸，猛动，投射（阴影）；使变音，使嗓音听起来像来自他人（或他处）；故意输掉（比赛）；扳动（开关），推动（操纵杆，手柄）；将…关进（监狱等）；突然朝…（看或笑等）；突然发怒，大发雷霆 - She threw her arms around his shoulders. 她猛地伸出双臂抱住他的肩膀。
noun [具体名词]投掷；投，掷（骰子）；投射距离；（沙发等的）套，罩；（摔跤、柔道等的）摔倒对手；（地质）落差，（断层引起的）位移；速转装置，旋转工具；（滑阀、曲柄、偏心轮或凸轮的）摆动 - Can you throw me that towel? 请把那条毛巾扔给我好吗？
① vt. 投，扔，抛
- Don’t throw stones at the dog.
- Throw the ball to Tom.
throw away 扔掉
- Shall I throw this old newspaper away?
② 把……对准目标，向……作出举动
- George was very happy today.Julie had thrown a smile at him in the morning.
- The boss threw him an angry look.
noun [专属名词]垃圾，废弃物；毫无价值的东西，劣质产品；废话，瞎说 - Children scavenge through rubbish. 孩子们在垃圾中捡破烂。
verb [vt. 及物动词]<英，非正式>严厉批评，把…说得一无是处 - Rubbish! You're not fat. 瞎说！你并不胖。
adjective [原级]<英，非正式>很差劲的，无用的 - If you rubbish a person, their ideas or their work, you say they are of little value. 把…说得一文不值
noun [具体名词]<美>垃圾，废物；<美>垃圾箱；<非正式>废话，无聊的东西；无用信息 - If someone says that an idea or opinion is garbage, they are emphasizing that they believe it is untrue or unimportant. 废话
verb [vt. 及物动词]数数；计数，点数目；把…算入，包括；重要；被允许，被接受；看作，认为 - She can count up to 10 in Italian.
noun [抽象名词]计算，总数；数数；量的计数；（被指控的）罪状，事项；论点，观点；伯爵；（纱线的）支数 - Avoid trips to the country while the pollen count is high.
verb [vt. 及物动词]覆盖，遮盖；包括，涉及；报道；占（一片面积）；行走（一段路程）；掩护；翻唱；给…保险；足够支付；守住，封锁；顶替，代替（cover for）；找借口，包庇（cover for）；采取行动（保护自己）（cover oneself）；防守，（棒球）守（垒）；（以更大点数的牌）盖打 - If one thing covers another, it has been placed over it in order to protect it, hide it, or close it. 盖住 • His finger went up to touch the black patch which covered his left eye.
noun [具体名词]覆盖物，盖子，罩子；封面，封底；保险；掩护；掩饰；掩蔽处；转录，翻唱；被子，床单；遮盖，覆盖；代替，替代；掩护活动，掩护身份；板球；（生态）盖度；借口 - A cover is something which is put over an object, usually in order to protect it. 套子 • ...a sofa with washable covers. …一张沙发套可拆洗的沙发。
① vt. 盖，覆盖
- Snow covered the whole village.
- She covered the child with a coat. 她给孩子盖了件外衣。
② vt. 行过（一段距离），走过（通常不用被动语态）
- cover+距离 越过……
- You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.
③ n. 覆盖物，盖子，罩子，套子
- Put a cover on the box!
noun [具体名词]块，张，片，段；碎片，零件；（成套物品的）部件，部分；（艺术、音乐、戏剧、文学的）一部作品；（报道、新闻、广播的）一篇；份额，一份股权；桩，项，条，件； 一点；（土地的）一块；一段距离；硬币；枪 - Cut the ham into pieces. 把火腿切成片。
verb [vi. 不及物动词]拼合，拼装；慢慢理解 - She's a strong woman, but she nearly went to pieces when Arnie died. 她是个坚强的女人，但阿尼死的时候她几乎崩溃了。
noun [专属名词]轮胎；轮箍；（Tyre）提尔 - That back tyre needs changing. 那个后轮胎需要更换。
verb [vt. 及物动词]装轮胎于… - Notice how the tread on this tyre has worn down. 注意这个轮胎的花纹磨损的程度。
adjective [原级]生锈的，锈迹斑斑的；铁锈色的，赭色的；（技术、知识等）荒废的，生疏的；（人）不熟练的 - You may be a little rusty, but past experience and teaching skills won't have been lost. 你可能会有点生疏，但过去的经验和教学技巧不会丢了的。
preposition [位置和方向]在…当中，周围是；与…在一起；…之一；在…群体中；为…所共有；彼此间；以及 - They walked among the crowds in Red Square. 他们走在红场上的人群之中。
verb [vt. 及物动词]起诉，控告，检举；（律师在法庭上）指控，公诉；<正式>继续（尤指战争）；<古>继续从事（某职业），追求 - When a lawyer prosecutes a case, he or she tries to prove that the person who is on trial is guilty. (原告律师) 起诉
