Lesson 10 Silicon valley硅谷
First listen and then answer the following question: What does the computer industry thrive on apart from anarchy?
Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future.
Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.
As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.
Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office — spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U. S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast.
'We've got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy.'
And on Asians.
Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms.
And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges.
As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge tighter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets.
For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market.
India-born N. Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT&T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri.
Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.
US NEWS AND WORLD REPORT, October 2, 1989
与课文关联的单词
silicon
//n. 硅integrated
//adj. 综合的circuit
//n. 线路，电路California
/ˌkæləˈfɔːniə/n. 加利福尼亚（美国州名）workstation
//n. 工作站chip
/tʃɪp/n. 芯片，集成电路片，集成块newsletter
//n. 时事通讯macintosh
//n. 苹果机，一种个人电脑penalize
//v. 处罚，惩罚customize
//v. 按顾客具体需要制造spawn
//v. 引起，酿成thrive
/θraɪv/v. 兴旺，繁荣anarchy
//n. 无政府状态，混乱oriental
/ˌɔːriˈent(ə)l/n. 东方人constitute *
/ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/v. 构成drove
/drəʊv/n. 群innovator
/ˈɪnəveɪtə(r)/n. 发明者forge
//v. 发展memory-chip
//n. 内存条AT&T
/eitnt/n. 美国电话电报公司(American Telephone and Telegraph)Kansas
/ˈkænzəs/n. 堪萨斯（美国州名）Missouri
/mɪˈzʊəri/n. 密苏里(美国州名)笔记更新中
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Silicon valley
知识点（1）课文背景介绍
California n. a state in the western United states, bordering the Pacific Ocean, the third largest state in the country 加利福尼亚
Silicon Valley a region of western California, south of San Francisco; It is a center of the computer industry. Many important inventions were made in this area, and many companies producing computer software and hardware are based there. It is called Silicon Valley because the computer industry is based on the silicon chip.
Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future.
知识点（1）
trend n. 英文解释：a general tendency in the way a situation is changing or developing 趋势；潮流
Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now workstations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.
Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology（同位语）, notes（评论说） there are now work-stations that（that...定语从句） enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh（方式状语）. （there are… 宾语从句）
知识点（1）课文背景介绍
California Institute of Technology (CIT) 加州理工学院
Harvard University 哈佛大学
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 麻省理工学院
Stanford University 斯坦福大学
University of California at Berkeley (UC Berkeley) 加州大学伯克利分校
知识点（2）
note v. 含义1：notice or pay attention to sth. 注意到
※ Note how she is holding her racket.
note v. 含义2：mention sth. because it is important or interesting 提及、说、谈到
【近似词组】Lesson04-07 熟词僻意
observe 注意到；评论、说
※ He observed（注意到）that it would probably rain.
※ 阅读真题：熟词僻意
※ There is, I think, much truth in Patricia Nelson Limerick’s observation（某人说的话） that “lecturing is an unnatural act, an act for which God did not design human.”
※ 考研阅读：
※ With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage（新闻报道）, as well as listen to it.
※ Social science disciplines（学科） include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology.
※ “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude（自由）, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.”
知识点（3）
workstation n. 英文解释：a desk for one person to work at, usually with a computer or computer terminal 工作站
知识点（4）
enable sb. to do 使某人能做某事
【近义词组】
allow / permit sb. to do
make it possible for sb. to do
※ 课文写法替换：
※ … allow / permit engineers to design, test and produce chips …
※ … make it possible for engineers to design, test and produce chips …
知识点（5）
newsletter n. 英文解释：a printed report sent regularly to a particular group of people
Macintosh n. 英文解释： (Mac) personal computer, developed by Apple Computer Corporation in 1984. It pioneered the use of a graphical interface.
知识点（6）Lesson03-27、Lesson03-29、Lesson04-04
语法：先行词是way，后面的定语从句的形式， 表达“正如”：
… the way in which … (which为关系代词，指代way)
… the way that … (that为关系副词，在句中不当主语，宾语或表语)
… the way /（省略）
知识点（7）
… much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh（方式状语）.
语法、语言习惯：（the way + 定语从句）在句中做方式状语；约定俗成的固定搭配
※ The steak is cooked the way I like it.
※ = The steak is cooked in the way I like it. 第1种解释：相当于前面+in
※ = The steak is cooked as I like it. 第2种解释：the way相当于as
知识点（8）
… much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh（方式状语）.
much adv. 英文解释：nearly; about; approximately 大约
※ The patient's situation is much the same.
much + the way 与…差不多
※ 造句：因特网技术可以使你能够在家中购物，这与你在普通商店买东西差不多。
※ Internet technology enables you to make purchases at home, much the way you do in regular（普通的） shops.
As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.
As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars（As …介词短语引导时间状语，as表“随着”）或（As... 原因状语从句）, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures（without… 介词短语做状语）.
知识点（1）
表达“下降”：
drop / fall / decrease (to …) 下降（到）…
plummet / plunge / nosedive / take a nosedive (to …) 暴跌、骤降（到）…
※ Since January, sales of cars have plummeted / plunged / nosedived / taken a nosedive.
表达“上升”：
rise / go up / increase / climb / escalate (to …) 上升（到）…
※ House prices have escalated to a worrying level.
soar / rocket (to …) 暴涨（到）…
※ Gold prices soared / rocketed to their highest level since 1983.
知识点（2）Lesson04-09
写作：暗喻 Metaphor
1、喻体直陈式；直接陈述喻体是什么
※ College is a comma（喻体） of a sentence of life（本体）.
※ She was an angel（喻体） of a wife（本体）.
2、喻体全隐式；做比喻、喻体不出现，但读者却知道比喻的喻体是什么；因为往往用动词表现喻体的特征，读者能猜测到是什么
※ As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar（把“imaginations”比作鸟，没有出现鸟，但“soar”的动作能联想到） without being penalized by expensive failures.
※ His hunger gnawed at him.
※ Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. — — Sir Francis Bacon （把书比喻成食物）
3、喻体半隐式；喻体是通过动词表现出来的、动词的名词形式就是喻体
※ From every window heads were craning for a view of it．
※ He doesn’t have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say．
※ A heavy silence blanketed the room．
※ They stormed the speaker with questions．
※ I would argue that although it may be a benefit to study classics and be well schooled in diverse disciplines, these pursuits merely refine and hone an ability each and every person has, the ability to study human nature. (GRE Issue Model Assay)
Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U. S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast.
Mead predicts that（that… 宾语从句） inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend（时间状语） at the office（地点状语）—spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast（方面状语）. （spawning… 非谓语动词引导结果状语）（giving… 非谓语动词引导结果状语）
知识点（1）Lesson03-51
foretell / predict v. 预言……
※ Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer.
※ Considering how recent these developments are, it is even more remarkable that as long ago as the 1960s, an Englishman, Leon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses of computers which we know today.
※ Timely snow foretells （预示）a bumper harvest.（predict 没有该含义）
知识点（2）
perfect vt. 使完美；使熟练
bring … to perfection 使完美
※ The violinist spent years perfecting his technique.
※ The violinist spent years bringing his technique to perfection.
知识点（3）
start-up 英文解释：n. a new small company, esp. one whose work involves computers or the Internet 小型、新诞生的公司
※ an Internet start-up
***注意：该词书后翻译错误***
知识点（4）
get a jump on sb. 得到了超越某人的优势
= gain an advantage over sb.
give sb. a jump on sb. 【变形】使某人得到了超越某人的优势
'We've got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy.'
知识点（1）
We've got more garages with smart people…
言下之意：We’ve got more promising garage start-ups.
知识点（2）
thrive on sth. 因……蓬勃发展；以……旺盛；在…中旺盛生长（尤指别人不喜欢的事物）
※ He thrives on criticism.
※ I wouldn’t want much pressure, but she seems to thrive on it.
知识点（3）
anarchy （派生）看似比较混乱的状态
***注意：该词书后翻译错误***
背后故事 更新于:2024-08-24 12:34:24
And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms.
知识点（1）
And on Asians.
言下之意：We also thrive on Asians.
知识点（2）
表达：“组成、构成、形成”：
constitute / make up / compose / comprise
※ One hundred members constitute / make up / compose / comprise the committee.
表达：“由…构成”：
comprise / be made up of / be composed of / consist of
※ The committee comprises / is made up of / is composed of / consists of 100 members.
知识点（3）Lesson03-56
【扩展】表达“大多数、大部分；少数、少部分”：
a high / large proportion / percentage of … 大部分
a small / tiny proportion / percentage of …小部分
a high / large percentage of ... 大多数
a small / tiny percentage of ... 少数
a / the majority of ... 大多数
a / the minority of ... 少数
a majority of … 大多数
a vast/ great / overwhelming majority of … （绝大多数）
a minority of … 少数
a small / tiny minority of … 极少数
※ 课文写法替换：
※ … constitute a high / large proportion / percentage of the engineering staffs …
知识点（4）
engineering n. 工程，工程学
※ biological engineering
※ software engineering
And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges.
知识点（1）
Korean adj. 韩国人的；韩国语的；朝鲜人的；朝鲜语的 n. 韩国人；韩国语；朝鲜人；朝鲜语
the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) 朝鲜
Filipino n. （西）菲律宾人；菲律宾语 adj. 菲律宾的
the Philippines n. 菲律宾
As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge tighter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets.
知识点（1）
draw on sth. 英文解释：to use sth. for a particular purpose 凭借；利用；动用
※ It was a challenge, but luckily we had the experience to draw on.
【近义词组】表达“使用”：
use / make use of
wield vt. 拥有，运用，行使，支配（权力等）；挥，操，使用（武器、工具等）
※ be able to wield both the pen and the sword
exploit vt. 开发，开拓；剥削；开采
※ exploit natural resources
知识点（2）
rim n. 边，边缘
※ Pacific Rim markets
※ Pacific Rim weather
For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market.
知识点（1）
Ph.D. (PhD): 哲学博士；泛指博士
※ doctor of philosophy
知识点（2）
a lock on sth. 对于…的控制、垄断
= complete control of sth.
课文写法替换：
※ … to challenge Japan’s near monopoly of the memory-chip market.
India-born N. Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT&T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri.
知识点（1）
AT&T：American Telephone and Telegraph the largest telecommunications company in the United States, based in New York City.
知识点（2）
financing 资助
= funding
【近义词】表达“v.资助”：
finance
back
fund
subsidize
※ a charity financed / funded / backed by private donations
※ a government-subsidized（政府资助的） health service
【辨析】
sponsor v.赞助
※ The team is sponsored by …
Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.
知识点（1）
Before it becomes a retirement village
言下之意：Before it no longer takes the lead in computer industry, …
知识点（2）
Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.
言下之意：You’ll learn a lot from Silicon Valley if you want to build a global business.
知识点（3）
business （公司，可数）
business （商业、生意，不可数）
***注意：该词书后翻译错误***