Lesson 9 Royal espionage王室谍报活动
First listen and then answer the following question: What important thing did King Alfred learn when he penetrated the Danish camp of Guthrum?
Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport.
Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.
These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.
He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual.
They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions.
There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.
Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney.
The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde.
But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.
He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him.
His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army.
Now Alfred began a long series of skirmish — and within a month the Danes had surrendered.
The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!
BERNARD NEWMANSpies in Britain
与课文关联的单词
espionage
//n. 间谍活动Alfred
/ˈælfrɪd/n. (849-899) 公元871-899年间任英国国王Danish
/ˈdeɪnɪʃ/adj. 丹麦的，丹麦人的，丹麦语的minstrel
//n. 中世纪的吟游歌手wandering
//adj. 漫游的harp
//n. 竖琴ballad
//n. 民歌acrobatic
//adj. 杂技的chippenham
//n. 切本哈姆（英国一城市）assail
/əˈseɪl/v. 袭击Dane
//n. 丹麦人conjuring
/ˈkʌndʒərɪŋ/n. 魔术Athelney
/əˈθi:ni:/n. 阿塞尔纳（英国一个小岛）slack
//adj. 涣散的conqueror
//n. 征服者casual
/ˈkæʒuəl/adj. 马虎的，随便的precaution
/prɪˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/n. 预防，警惕proceeds
//n. 所得assemble
/əˈsemb(ə)l/v. 集合trivial
//adj. 微不足道的prolonged
//adj. 持久的commissariat
/ˌkɒmɪˈseəriət/n. 军粮供应episode
/ˈepɪsəʊd/n. 一个事件，片断epic
//n. 史诗harry
/ˈhæri/v. 骚扰thither
/ˈðɪðə(r)/adv. 向那里skirmish
//n. 小规模战斗笔记更新中
如果您看到了此提示，说明本课笔记还在正在努力更新中，请持续关注，我们将尽力把课文中出现的重点知识点总结出来！起因 更新于:2024-10-08 00:15:04
Royal espionage
知识点（1）
Royal n. 王室；王室成员 adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的
the royal palace
the Royal Air Force / Navy
【同根词】
royalty n. 皇室；版税；王权；专利税
a shop patronized by royalty
【形近词】
loyal adj. 忠诚的，忠心的；忠贞的
loyalty n. 忠诚；忠心；忠实；忠于…感情
Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel（disguised… 非谓语动词做方式状语，修饰visiting）. （visiting… 非谓语动词作伴随状语）
知识点（1）课文人物介绍
Alfred (849~899): king of the West Saxons (871~899). He is one of the most outstanding figures of English history. He is the only ruler to resist Danish invaders, that is Vikings, successfully. Alfred made his kingdom the rallying point for all the Saxons, thus laying the foundation for the unification of England. He was recognized as the first king of England. Today his name still carries thunder: Alfred the Great.
历史人名+称谓/外号等
Alfred the Great
Peter the Great
Alexander the Great
Caesar the Great
Catherine the Great
Richard the Lion-hearted
George the Fifth
William the Conqueror
知识点（2）
act as … 含义1：（临时）担任某工作
My brother speaks French—he can act as interpreter.
act as …含义2：当做……来用
= be used as / serve as / function as
Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, …
知识点（3）
disguise A as B 把…装扮成…
The king disguised himself as a peasant.
He escaped across the border disguised as a priest.
【近义词组】【复习】
dress (sb.) up as … 把…装扮成…
The king dressed (himself) up as a peasant.
dressed up as …（非谓语）
课文写法替换：
Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps dressed up as a minstrel.
When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill.
In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.
知识点（1）Lesson03-03 介词引导时间状语
时间状语“当今，现如今”： 指当今没有介词“in”
these days
today
nowadays
These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices.
in those days 想当初
In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.
They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport.
知识点（1）
passport n. 护照，通行证；手段
British / Chinese passport
visa n. 签证
work / student / tourist visa
知识点（2）
写作：暗喻 Metaphor
1、喻体直陈式；直接陈述喻体是什么
College is a comma（喻体） of a sentence of life（本体）.
She was an angel（喻体） of a wife（本体）.
2、喻体全隐式；做比喻、喻体不出现，但读者却知道比喻的喻体是什么；因为往往用动词表现喻体的特征，读者能猜测到是什么
As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar（把“imaginations”比作鸟，没有出现鸟，但“soar”的动作能联想到） without being penalized by expensive failures.
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. — — Sir Francis Bacon （把书比喻成食物）
3、喻体半隐式；喻体是通过动词表现出来的、动词的名词形式就是喻体
From every window heads were craning for a view of it．
He doesn’t have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say．
A heavy silence blanketed the room．
They stormed the speaker with questions．
I would argue that although it may be a benefit to study classics and be well schooled in diverse disciplines, these pursuits merely refine and hone an ability each and every person has, the ability to study human nature. (GRE Issue Model Assay)
Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
知识点（1）Lesson03-24 时间表达（24）
in one’s youth 在某人年轻的时候
in one’s childhood
in one’s early years 小的时候
in one’s adolescence 青春期
in one’s middle age 中年
in one’s old age 老年
The reader's hair stands on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
I live in that solitude which is painful in youth, but delicious in the years of maturity. —— Albert Einstein
知识点（1）
vary vt. 改变；使多样化
To obtain the nutrients you need, vary the foods you eat.
【扩展】表达“使多样化”：
add variety to …
diversify …
add color / spice to …
This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add color to the dull routine of everyday life.
进度 更新于:2024-08-24 12:32:47
While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.
While Alfred's little（微不足道的） army slowly began to gather at Athelney（时间状语从句）, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders（Guthrum的同位语）.
知识点（1）
little adj. trivial; insignificant 微不足道的
知识点（2）
gather v. assemble; collect; mass; congregate …
知识点（3）Lesson03-05、Lesson03-16
set out to do 含义1：begin a job / task 开始做…
Dimitri at once set out to find the thief.
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.
set out to do 含义2：有意做某事
We never set out to hurt you, Victor. And I'm sorry we did. Are you done?
Yeah.
True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves.
知识点（4）
penetrate (into / through) … 进入、穿过（尤其表示费力、有抵抗力的情况下）
Our troops have penetrated (into) enemy territory.
【近似词组】表达“进入”：
trespass on … 非法进入
I accused him of trespassing on my estate.
Trespassers will be prosecuted.
知识点（5）课文背景介绍
Guthrum: （丹麦人的国王古特仑）Danish king, he was forced to accept baptism after being defeated by Alfred.
These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.
知识点（1）
settle down 定居下来、安顿下来；安静下来
They’d like to see their daughter settle down, get married and have kids.
He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual.
知识点（1）
Discipline is slack / loose / lax. 纪律松懈
知识点（2）
security precautions 安保措施
safety precautions 安全防范措施
fire precautions 防火措施
sanitary precautions 卫生保健措施
知识点（3）
casual adj. slack; careless; inattentive
They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions.
They lived well, on (live on固定搭配) the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. (raid on固定搭配)
知识点（1）Lesson03-27
live by doing 靠某种职业为生
He lives by writing.
He lives by sewing.
The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C.
live on sth. 靠某种食物或生活来源为生（指人）
He lives on meat and milk.
He lives on salary.
He lives on his parents. 啃老
feed on sth. 动物以……为主食
Cows feed on hay.
prey on sth. 肉食性动物以别的动物为食
Owls prey on mice.
知识点（2）
proceeds: n. 英文解释：the money that is obtained from doing sth. or selling sth.
proceeds of / from sth. 做某事或卖某事的收益
The proceeds of the concert will go to charity.
知识点（3）
raid on … 对…的抢劫
a raid on a jeweler's shop
知识点（4）
neighboring adj. nearby 临近的
There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.
知识点（1）
as well as … 除了……之外还…… （强调前者）
【近义词组】表达“除了……之外还……”：
课文写法替换：
There they collected women in addition to food and drink.
There they collected women besides food and drink.
There they collected women along with food and drink.
There they collected women together with food and drink.
There they collected women aside from food and drink.
There they collected women apart from food and drink.
强调后者：
There they collected not only food and drink but also women.
知识点（2）
soft 软弱可欺
If you appear to be soft, people will take advantage of you.
进入敌营 更新于:2024-08-24 12:33:10
1. Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney.
知识点（1）Lesson03-28
before 可以翻译为“然后”更通顺
本句话翻译（before） ：Alfred在军营里带了一周之后返回了Athelney。
【复习】Lesson03-02、Lesson03-20、Lesson03-21
before 的译法：before 强调主句发生的时间特别长，before 要翻译成“才”；比预期的短要翻译成“就”，有的时候要翻译成“然后”。
1).强调主句的时间很长时,译为"才”
It will be a long time before we meet again.
Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before（才） it stopped.
2).强调主句的时间很短时,译为”就”
I hadn’t waited long before he came.
I hadn’t waited long before （就）he came.
3).before “然后” Lesson03-28
I shaved before（然后） I went to the party.
…, but I decided to disembark before（连词、然后）I bought anything.
…, but I decided to disembark before（介词、然后）buying anything.
Alfred stayed in the camp a week before（然后） he returned to Athelney.
The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde.
The force there assembled（后置定语,修饰the force） was trivial compared with the Danish horde（非谓语动词做状语，“与…相比”）.
知识点（1）
表达“聚集”：vt
The force (which was) assembled / gathered / massed there was trivial …
知识点（2）
表达“与…相比”：做状语
compared to / with …
= in / by contrast to / with …
= in / by comparison to / with …
But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle（that… 宾语从句1）: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids. （that… 宾语从句2，相当于解释第1个宾语从句）
知识点（1）
be fit for … / to do … 适合做某事（fit：达到一个好的标准）
Chickens slaughtered in the United States, claim officials in Brussels, are not fit to grace European tables.
知识点（2）
no … but … 不是……而是……
not … but … 不是……而是……
not that …, but that … 不是因为……，而是因为……
Not that I love Caesar less, but that I love Rome more. —— Shakespeare ‘Julius Caesar’
知己知彼 更新于:2024-08-24 12:33:27
So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.
So（因此）, faced with the Danish advance（非谓语动词做时间状语, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.
知识点（1）
be faced with … 面临着
= be confronted with …
知识点（2）复习
语法：状语从句主语与主句主语统一，选用非谓语简化将句子
…when Alfred was faced with the Danish advance, …
知识点（3）
risk sth. / doing 冒着…的风险
risk one’s life 冒着生命危险
risk being caught in a storm
知识点（4）
Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.
课文写法替换：
Alfred harried the enemy instead of risking open battle.
Alfred harried the enemy in preference to risking open battle.
Alfred harried the enemy in place of risking open battle.
Alfred harried the enemy rather than（副词短语） risked open battle.
rather than …（后面接相同结构）
She telephoned rather than wrote.
He is to be pitied rather than to be disliked.
He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him.
知识点（1）Lesson03-18
on the + noun. 处于某种状态
The dog is on the alert.
He is always on the go.
The patient is on the recovery.
Crimes are on the rise.
没有“the”:
Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places.
The house is on sale.
The workers are on strike.
I’m here on vacation.
I’m here on business.
The nurse is on call 24 hours a day.
His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army.
知识点（1）Lesson03-08
party n. group; band; team 一群人
The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.
a search party
a rescue party
知识点（2）
课文高级写作：无灵主语
hunger assailed the Danish army.
普通写法：句式单调、啰嗦
The Danish army suffered from hunger.
【举例】高级写作：无灵主语
Panic seized me. 我突然非常惊慌
Curiosity swallowed him. 他非常好奇
Confidence deserted him. 他丧失了信心
That night sleep eluded me. 我睡不着觉
Sunset met them halfway. 到了黄昏时分才走了一般的路
The past few years witnessed the great influx of foreigners to China, for travelling, studies or business.
Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered.
The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!
知识点（1）
reasonably adv. justifiably; legitimately adv. 合理地；相当地；适度地
知识点（2）Lesson03-38
be unique to … （做表语）对…来说是独一无二的
Each set of genes is unique to the individual.
be peculiar to ... （做表语）是…独有的
Pandas are peculiar to China.