Lesson 8 A famous monastery著名的修道院 prefer

The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. 

At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.

at an altitude of ... ⇒ 缩写为 at ^表海拨

• Being at 2,473 meters, ... ^{非谓语动词被省略(当原因状语/介词短语)}

造句：At 4,807 meters, Mont Blanc is the highest peak of the Alps. ^{4807米的勃朗峰是阿尔卑斯山脉的最高峰。}

The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away.

替换表达

• The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. ^追述到...
• ..., which dates from the 11th century, ...  ^{date from ... (主动)追溯、从某个时候就有了...}
• ..., which dates back to the 11th century, ... ^{date back to ...(主动)追溯到...起源或制作时间}
• ..., which can be traced back to the 11th century, ... ^{can be traced back to ...(被动)可以追溯到...}

For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass.

cross + 宾语＋方式状语 = 动词 + across + 宾语

• They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and tins of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. ^{动词做方式状语 NCE3-12}
• In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of £ 1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. ^NCE3-20

These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times.

friendly ^{adj.友好的、无害的}

• environment-friendly ^{adj.环境友好的、有利于环境的(环保)}
• ozone-friendly ^{adj.不破坏臭氧层的、臭氧层友好的}

Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty.

now（that）^{conj.同时表示时间和原因}

• Now (that) you are a big boy you must behave better. ^{因为有Now的存在，所以后面接与“现在”相关的时态}

疑问词 + ever

Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.

During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars.

in cars = by car

表示“使用某种交通工具”的介词短语，“by”后要直接加单数名词；“in”后的名词要有人称和数的变化。

• You can go to the airport in my car. ^{by car不能强调谁的车}
• We crossed the river in a boat. ^{by boat不能强调几艘船}

As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.

(With) so many people (being) about, the dogs have to be... ^独立主格

keep ^{v. confine 把....关起来}

• He was kept / confined in prison.
• You shouldn't keep / confine the bird in a cage.

In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.

 Life ^所有格

• life on a desert island ^荒岛生活
• life in the army ^军旅生活
• life on campus 校园生活

quite ^{adv. completely 完全，截然}

• The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.^NCE3-30
• He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley. ^NCE3-30

The temperature drops to -30° and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.

to ^下降到；by ^下降了

• The temperature drops by 10° ^{下降了10度}
• The temperature drops to 10° ^{下降到10度}

The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy.

The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.

wander ^{to walk aimlessly = roam 闲逛}

• During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring.

The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.

regular ^{adj.规律的、定期的；n.常客、老主顾}

• He is one of our restaurant's regulars.
• What'll it be? ^{你要点什么菜？}
• The usual, please. ^{和平时一样}

party ^{n.派对、政党、有同目的人(同志)}

• a party of tourists ^旅行团
• a search party ^搜索队
• a rescue party ^营救队
• group / bunch / crowd / band ^替换词
• Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. ^NCE3-14

These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.