rough [rʌf] adj. 崎岖不平的
【扩】bumpy 崎岖不平的
【搭】in rough 大略地
* * *
A: The rough road made the car vibrate.
B: Yes, but we will arrive at the destination soon.
A：崎岖不平的山路使车颠得厉害。
B：是的，但我们很快就要到目的地了。
* * *
boulder [ˈbəuldə] n. 大石块
【扩】cobble 圆石子
* * *
A: He stepped out of the boulder.
B: Did he hear what you said?
A：他从大石头后面走了出来。
B：他听到你们说的话了吗？
* * *
pit [pit] v. 使得坑坑洼洼
perturb [pəˈtəːb] v. 使不安
【派】perturbation 不安，忧虑
【扩】discompose 使不安
【例】I am deeply perturbed by the alarming way in which the situation is developing.
我对令人忧虑的形势发展深感不安。
underestimate [ˌʌndərˈestimeit] v. 低估
* * *
A: It seems that we underestimated the costs.
B: Yes. According to the factory, it will cost about eight percent more than initially projected.
A：看样子是我们低估了成本。
B：是的，根据制造商的说法，成本会比原计划的高出8％。
* * *
swerve [swəːv] v. 急转弯
【派】swerving 急转弯
* * *
A: The car swerved to the left.
B: What happened then?
A：汽车突然向左转。
B：接着发生了什么事情？
* * *
scoop [skuːp] v. 挖出
【扩】gouge 挖出 excavate 挖出
【搭】scoop...in... 从……中挣钱 make a scoop 捞了一大笔
【例】He scooped some concrete out of the pail.
他从桶中挖出了一些混凝土。
hammer [ˈhæmə] v. （用锤）击打，捶打
ominously [ˈɔminəsli] adv. 有预兆地，不祥地
rip [rip] v. 划破，撕，扯
【扩】tear 撕掉，扯下 claw 撕
【搭】rip sth. open 撕开某物
* * *
A: The sail ripped under the force of the wind.
B: I think we should do something about it at once.
A：帆被强风给刮破了。
B：我想我们必须马上采取一些行动。
* * *
zigzag [ˈziɡzæɡ] n. “之”字形
shallow [ˈʃæləu] adj. 浅的
【派】shallowness 浅，肤浅
【反】deep 深的
【搭】a shallow river 一条浅的河
* * *
A: He got in at the shallow end of the swimming pool.
B: Does he often go swimming?
A：他在游泳池的浅水区下水。
B：他经常游泳吗？
* * *
grind [ɡraind] v. 摩擦，磨
petrol [ˈpetrəl] n. 汽油
【扩】gasoline 汽油
* * *
A: We've run out of petrol. What a bore!
B: Is there a gas station near here?
A：我们的汽油用完了，真麻烦！
B：这附近有加油站吗？
* * *
stretch [stretʃ] n. 一大片（平地或水）
obstacle [ˈɔbstəkl] n. 障碍
【扩】impediment 障碍，阻碍 obstruction 障碍
【搭】throw obstacles in one's way 阻碍某人
* * *
A: Her parents' opposition is an obstacle to her marriage.
B: What does she decide to do?
A：她父母的反对是她结婚的障碍。
B：那她准备怎么做呢？
* * *
clump [klʌmp] n. 丛，簇
fissure [ˈfiʃə] n. （石，地的）深缝
【扩】crack 裂缝 crevice 裂缝
【例】We all got out to examine the fissure, but he remained in the car.
我们纷纷下车察看那个大裂缝，他却待在车上。
renew [riˈnjuː] v. 重复，更新
【构】re（表示重复的前缀）＋new（新的）＝renew（更新，重复）
* * *
A: Can I keep it a little longer?
B: You can renew it if you can't finish it in due time.
A：我能多借一点儿时间吗？
B：如果你到期不能看完，可以续借。
* * *
pleading [ˈpliːdiŋ] n. 恳求
gear [ɡiə] n. （汽车）排档
astride [əˈstraid] prep. 骑，跨
* * *
A: He is sitting astride the horse.
B: Let me go there to take a picture for him.
A：他两腿叉开骑在马上。
B：让我过去给他照张相。
* * *
crack [kræk] n. 缝隙
halt [hɔːlt] n. 停
dashboard [ˈdæʃbɔːd] n. （汽车上的）仪表板
【扩】meter panel 仪表盘
* * *
A: We are convinced that the customer will accept this new dashboard.
B: What makes you so confident?
A：我们深信用户将会接受这种新的仪表板。
B：是什么让你们这么自信？
adjective [原级]（表面）粗糙的，不平的；（网球或软式墙网球拍）粗面的；粗暴的，猛烈的；（地方）多暴力的，犯罪盛行的；汹涌的，风浪很大的；粗制的，不完善的；粗俗的，不讲究的；粗略的，大致的；<非正式> 艰难的，不愉快的；<英，非正式> 身体不适的；（声音）粗哑的，不悦耳的；（酒）涩味的；未经加工的；（文具）用以打草稿的 - You say that people or their actions are rough when they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness. 粗暴的; 粗野的• American football's a rough game at the best of times.
noun [具体名词]（高尔夫球场的）深草区（the rough）；草稿，草图；<旧，非正式> 粗野的人，暴徒；未加工的宝石；高低不平的地面；粗糙的部分；艰苦，不愉快 - She rested her cheek against the roughness of his jacket. 她把脸靠在了他粗糙的夹克上。
verb [vt. 及物动词]粗制，对…粗加工；草拟，画…的轮廓；使不平，把…弄毛糙；<非正式> 因陋就简地生活；粗暴地对待；（在美式橄榄球、冰球等比赛中对对手）动粗 - His daily work is to rough out the lenses for cameras.他每天的工作是制作照相机镜片的毛坯。
adverb [方式副词]<非正式> 粗糙地，粗暴地；<英> 风餐露宿 - They roughly pushed her forward. 他们粗暴地向前推她。
noun [具体名词]（受水或天气侵蚀而成的）巨石，巨砾 - It is thought that the train hit a boulder that had fallen down a cliff on to the track. 人们认为这列火车撞到了从悬崖滚到铁轨上的大圆石。
noun [具体名词]坑，洼；（表面上的）疤痕，凹陷；矿井；<非正式>异常凌乱的地方；乐池，乐队席；<非正式>糟糕的事物（the pits）；<美>（水果或蔬菜的）核；<非正式>腋窝，心窝；（赛车道旁的）检修加油站；深渊，绝境；交易场所；斗兽场；<英，旧>（剧场）正厅后座；无底洞，巨库；<英，非正式>床 - A gravel pit or clay pit is a very large hole that is left where gravel or clay has been dug from the ground. (挖出沙砾或黏土后留下的) 大坑
verb [vt. 及物动词]使竞争，使对立；去除…的果核；（使）有疤痕，（使）凹陷；停车加油，停车检修；窖藏 - If two opposing things or people are pitted against one another, they are in conflict. 使对立
verb [vt. 及物动词]扰乱；使…混乱；使…心绪不宁 - What perturbs me is that magazine articles are so much shorter nowadays. 让我不安的是现在杂志文章都短多了。
- The letter shocked and disturbed / perturbed me.
- It is disturbing / perturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
verb [vt. 及物动词]低估，对…估计不足；轻视，小看（某人） - If you underestimate someone, you do not realize what they are capable of doing. 低估 (某人)• I think a lot of people still underestimate him. 我认为许多人仍然低估了他。
noun [抽象名词]低估，对…估计不足 - We often underestimate our potentialities.我们常常低估自己的潜力。
verb [vt. 及物动词]（使）突然转向，（使）急转弯；改变，背离 - Drivers coming in the opposite direction swerved to avoid the bodies. 从反方向过来的司机们突然转向以避开这些尸体。
noun [抽象名词]突然转弯；（球，其他物体）突然转向（或作弧线运动）；偏离的程度 - He swung the car to the left and that swerve saved Malone's life. 他把车猛转向左边，那一转救了马隆的命。
- The lorry swerved sharply to avoid the child.
- After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision.
- Moments before crashing, the jet was seen veering sharply to the right.
change course 改变航向
- The plane changed course to avoid the storm.
noun [抽象名词]勺，球形勺；铲，铲斗；<非正式>（抢先报道的）独家新闻；<美，非正式>（尤指私人的）最新内幕（the scoop）；一勺，一铲斗（的量）；舀的动作，铲的动作；（唱歌中）夸张的上滑音 - A scoop is an object like a spoon which is used for picking up a quantity of a food such as ice cream or an ingredient such as flour. 勺
verb [vt. 及物动词]用勺舀，用铲子铲；挖出，挖空；（急速地）捡起，抱起；<非正式>抢先报道（新闻）；<非正式>赢得（金钱、奖品或胜利纪念品）；（唱歌）使用夸张的上滑音作为曲调的前奏 - If you scoop a person or thing somewhere, you put your hands or arms under or around them and quickly move them there. (敏捷地) 抱住
noun [专属名词]锤子，榔头；（拍卖用的）木槌；链球；击铁；音槌；锣锤 - He used a hammer and chisel to chip away at the wall. 他用锤子和凿子将墙壁一点点凿掉。
verb [vt. 及物动词]（用锤子）敲击；用力敲打，猛踢；强行灌输，反复强调；（在体育比赛中）使惨败，大败；使（企业）受到打击；严厉批评，指责；（心脏）剧烈跳动；压低（某股票）的价格 - To avoid damaging the tree, hammer a wooden peg into the hole. 为了避免毁坏这棵树，把一只木钉敲进那个洞里。
adverb [疑问副词]恶兆地；不吉利地；不祥地 - The bar seemed ominously quiet.那个酒吧似乎寂静得让人觉得不祥。I went into the kitchen and found him lying ominously still on the floor.
verb [vt. 及物动词]（使）撕裂，（使）划破；迅速扯开，猛力去除；（迅速）贯穿，穿过；划出（孔洞），击穿；抢掠，剥夺；严厉批评，训斥；利用程序将（光盘上的音序）复制到硬盘驱动器上 - If you rip something away, you remove it quickly and forcefully. 撕; 扯 (掉)• He ripped away a wire that led to the alarm button. 他把连接报警按钮的电线扯掉了。
noun [抽象名词]裂口，裂缝；撕，撕破；<美，非正式>欺诈，剽窃；（在电脑上制作的光碟）复制本；（由海、河中不同水流相遇造成的）裂流（激浪）水域，离岸流；<非正式，旧>生活放荡的人（尤指男人），浪子；<非正式，旧>调皮的人，淘气鬼（尤指小孩）；<非正式，旧>劣马，无用的马 - A rip is a long cut or split in something made of cloth or paper. (布或纸上的) 裂口• Looking at the rip in her new dress, she flew into a rage. 看着新连衣裙上的裂口，她勃然大怒。
noun [专属名词]<英>汽油（petrol tank）；深蓝绿色 - Petrol is a volatile substance.汽油是挥发性物质。（petrol / service station）
verb [vt. 及物动词]（使）变大，拉长；（布料）可伸缩，有弹性；伸展肢体；伸出，伸长（胳膊或腿）；拉紧，拽紧；（时间上）延续；（空间上）延伸，绵延；使竭尽所能，使施展本领；耗尽，竭尽（财力或物力）；（使）延长使用，节俭地使用；（资金，资源）足够，够用；放宽，放松；夸大，夸张；涉及，囊括 - If something stretches from one time to another, it begins at the first time and ends at the second, which is longer than expected. 持续
noun [抽象名词]（土地或水域的）一片，一段；（时间）连续的一段，持续；（肢体）伸展，伸开；弹性，伸缩性；服刑期；（终点前的）直线跑道；言过其实的话；困难的任务，苛求的任务；<非正式>加长轿车；抢风航行的距离 - A stretch of road, water, or land is a length or area of it. 一段• It's a very dangerous stretch of road. 这是一段非常危险的路。
noun [专属名词]障碍，阻碍；障碍物 - You can refer to anything that makes it difficult for you to do something as an obstacle. 障碍• Overcrowding remains a large obstacle to improving conditions. 过度拥挤仍然是改善条件的一大障碍。
noun [物质名词]丛；笨重的脚步声；土块 - A clump of things such as wires or hair is a group of them collected together in one place. (金属丝或毛发的) 簇
verb [vi. 不及物动词]形成一丛；以沉重的步子行走 - Galaxies tend to clump together in clusters.星系往往聚集形成星团。
verb [vt. 及物动词]使成一丛；使凝结成块 - Lulin, like all comets, isa clump of frozen gases mixed with dust.鹿林彗星和其他彗星一样，是一堆冰气体和尘埃组成。
noun [抽象名词]裂缝，（尤指岩石上的）裂沟；分歧 - She blinked quickly, and then turned to the fissure.她快速眨着眼，然后转向裂缝。
verb [vt. 及物动词]（使）裂开，分裂 - Though we all got out to examine the fissure , he remained in the car.尽管所有的人都下车去查看那条裂缝的状况，他仍留在车上。
verb [vt. 及物动词]重新开始，中止后继续；恢复，重新建立（关系）；使（受到损毁或丢失后）重获新生；更换，更新；重申，重复强调；延长（执照、合同等）的有效期，使续签 - When you renew something such as a licence or a contract, you extend the period of time for which it is valid. 延长 (执照、合同的) 有效期
noun [抽象名词]恳求；答辩状 - Pleading is asking someone for something you want very much, in an intense or emotional way. 恳求 He simply ignored my pleading.
adjective [原级]恳求的 - he pleading expression on her face. …她脸上恳求的表情。
verb [vt. 及物动词]恳求；辩护；引证；承认（有罪或无罪）；以…为借口（plead 的现在分词） - He simply ignored Sid's pleading.他完全不理会锡德的恳求。
noun [具体名词]排挡，齿轮；（用于特定目的的）装备，服装；（做事的）速度，努力；（特定用途的）器械，装置；<非正式>毒品；<非正式>所有物，财物 - The gear involved in a particular activity is the equipment or special clothing that you use. (用于特定活动的) 设备、服装
verb [vt. 及物动词]使变速，使调挡 - If someone or something is geared to or toward a particular purpose, they are organized or designed in order to achieve that purpose. 使适合
preposition [位置和方向]跨（或骑）在…上；（跨越）在…上；在（河、路等的）两边 - ...three youths who stood astride their bicycles and stared. …3个跨着自行车站着盯着看的年轻人。
adverb [方式副词]（人的两腿）分开地；跨着；骑着 - The city lay astride the river.城市横跨河的两岸。
verb [vi. 不及物动词]破裂，裂开；崩溃，垮掉；砸开，砸碎；破译，解决；重击，猛击；（使）发出爆裂声，劈啪作响；（嗓音）变嘶哑；说（笑话），开（玩笑）；阻止，打击；开瓶，（尤指）开瓶饮酒；使（碳氢化合物）裂化 - The ice started to crack.
noun [抽象名词]裂缝，裂纹；缝隙，窄缝；瑕疵，缺点；爆裂声，噼啪声；尝试，试图；破解信息，破解码；俏皮话，粗鲁的话；重击，猛击；好时光，友好愉快的交谈；嗓音变哑；强效可卡因；<非正式>股沟 - Water seeped from a crack in the pipe.
adjective [原级]优秀的，训练有素的 - a crack undercover police officer.
