Lesson 24 Beauty美

Beauty

知识点（1）课文作者介绍

C. E. M. Joad formalist（形式主义者） 

British philosopher, one of Britain’s most colorful and controversial figures of the 1940s.

知识点（2）流派

formalist 形式主义者

impressionist  印象主义者；印象派作家

postimpressionist 后期印象派

Sometimes beauty defies description. 

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.

A young man sees a sunset and, (being) unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him（that ...定语从句）（being省略…非谓语动词做原因状语）, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond（that ...定语从句）（that… 宾语从句）.

知识点（1）

rouse 唤醒；使醒来;激起（某种情感）

※ A persistent ringing roused her from a sweet dream. 

※ rouse anger / passion / suspicion …

【近义词】

arouse 激起（某种情感）

※ arouse anger / hostility / resentment …

wake 唤醒

waken 唤醒

awaken  唤醒；激起（某种情感）

※ Her pallor awakened sympathy in me.

※ The nightmare awakened terrible memories. 

evoke 激起（某种情感）

※ evoke sympathy / memories

kindle 激起（某种情感）

※ kindle a candle

※ kindle anger / hopes

stir 激起（某种情感）

※ stir coffee with a spoon 

※ stir memories / pity / imagination

知识点（2）

conclude

搭配1：得出结论

conclude sth. (from sth.) 

conclude that … 

搭配2：使结束

conclude sth. with sth.

※ conclude the rally with the national anthem 

【同根词】Lesson03-36

conclusion

搭配1：

bring sth. to a conclusion 使结束

※ The two countries decided to bring the war to a conclusion.（停战）

※ In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences — most of them wildly improbable.

※ The rally was brought to a conclusion by the singing of the national anthem.

搭配2：

come to / arrive at / reach / draw a conclusion 得出结论

【近义词组】表达“推理，推断”： Lesson03-38

deduce ... from ... 由后者推断出前者

※ I can deduce his motives from his behavior.

deduction n.演绎；推论；推理

conclude ... from ... 由后者推断出前者

※ What do you conclude from the evidence?

infer ... from ... 由后者推断出前者

※ What can we infer from the passage?

inference n. 推断的结果；结论

知识点（3）

gateway to 通往

※ Death is a gateway to another world. 

※ Dover is England's gateway to Europe.

It is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher.

语法分析：It is … for sb. to do …（骨架结构）的复杂变化

it（形式主语） is difficult for any of us（for … 引出动词不定式的逻辑主语）

 in moments of intense aesthetic experience（时间状语） to resist the suggestion（联想） that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different（语篇纽带） and, (because the experience is intensely moving（because... 原因状语从句）), in some way higher（that ...定语从句）. （that... 同位语从句）（to … 真正主语）

知识点（1）

in moments of … 在…的时候…

= in times of …

※ in moments / times of grief / rage / crisis / boredom / ecstasy /tranquility …

知识点（2）【课文句型提炼】

It is difficult for sb. in moments of sth. to resist sth.

对某人来说抵制…很困难

※ 造句：无论是谁，在欣喜若狂的时候，一般都会想和朋友们一起分享这种快乐。

※ It is difficult for any of us in moments of ecstasy to resist the temptation of sharing it with our friends.

知识点（3）

catch a glimpse of … 一眼看见、无意间看见

= catch sight of … 

= glimpse …

※ … before it is fully glimpsed…

知识点（4）

语法：语篇纽带

※ It is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher.

※ There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret.

※ 考研阅读： 

※ Many species can communicate an amazing amount of information via sound, information on which both the life of an individual and the continued existence of the species may depend.

※ Gre写作范文：

※ I would argue that although it may be a benefit to study classics and be well schooled in diverse disciplines, these pursuits merely refine and hone an ability each and every person has, the ability to study human nature.

※ 范文考官评语：The writer uses language fluently and controls sophisticated syntax throughout the essay: "I would argue that although it may be a benefit to study classics and be well schooled in diverse disciplines, these pursuits merely refine and hone an ability each and every person has, the ability to study human nature."

知识点（3）

【近义词组】表达“某种程度上”：

in some way 

to some degree / extent

in some measure

※ The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure.

※ The true value of a human being is determined primarily by the measure and the sense in which he has attained liberation from the self. —— Albert Einstein

And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined.

And, though the gleams blind and dazzle（让步状语从句）, yet（adv.） do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined（比较状语从句）. （greater... 后置定语,修饰beauty and serenity）

知识点（1）

blind / dazzle 令人目眩

※ The sun, glinting from the pool, dazzled / blinded me. 

※ dazzling / blinding midday sun

※ I was dazzled（派生，令某人为之倾倒） by her beauty.

※ a dazzling smile / performance

※ blind and dazzle 同义词连用加强语气

※ push and shove 

※ pick and choose

知识点（2）

正常语序：

※ …, yet they do convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined.

注意：在文学性很强的作品里面，经常会出现有限度的对于语法规则的违反，使读者有新意

※ …, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined.

知识点（3）

yet conj. /adv.

※ The essay is good, yet(conj.) it could be improved. 

※ It is strange, and yet (adv.) it is true.

※ Though he is poor, yet (adv.) he is satisfied with his situation.

Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.

（课文补全）(The beauty and serenity are) Greater too than we can describe（than... 比较状语）; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world（which...定语从句）, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another. （for... 原因状语从句）

知识点（1）

言下之意：“无法描述”：

※ The beauty and serenity are Greater too than we can describe;

※ The beauty and serenity are beyond description.

※ The beauty and serenity defy description.

※ The beauty and serenity are more than words can describe.

知识点（2）

readily adv. 含义1. willingly

readily adv. 含义2. without difficulty; easily

※ The equipment was cheap and readily（容易地） available.

※ The information is readily（容易地） accessible on the Internet.

※ Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. 

知识点（3）

fit A to B 改动A以适应B

※ A prudent man fits his standard of living to his budget. 

【近义词组】

adjust (A) to B （微调）

※ You can adjust the belt to the size you want.

※ Some animals adjust (themselves) to their environment by instinct. 

adapt (A) to B （大调）

※ Novels are often adapted to the stage.

※ She couldn’t adapt (herself) to eating fish every day. 

accommodate v.容纳

※ The hotel can accommodate 500 guests. 

accommodate A to B （含有让步、妥协）

※ They accommodate their plans to his inclination.

 
1. That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable.

That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond（that...主语从句，圆周句） is undeniable.

It is undeniable There is no denying that all great art has its power of suggesting a world beyond.

知识点（1）Lesson03-18

书面语写作表达：圆周句（掉尾句）；突出句末的重心，把最关键的信息放在句末

※ That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. （强调句尾undeniable）

※ It is undeniable that all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond.  （普通语序）

※ The idea is mistaken that modern art can only be seen in museums. （普通语序）

※ The idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken. （强调句尾mistaken）

※ Although Tchaikovsky himself thought of the Pathetic Symphony as his crowning masterpiece, the premiere on October 28th 1893 in St. Petersburg proved a disappointment. （强调句尾disappointment）

※ In 1942, 12 years after the initial shock of the stock market crash, more than 10 percent of the labor force was still unemployed. （强调句尾unemployed）

In some moods, nature shares it.

知识点（1） 

mood n. 情绪，语气；心境；气氛

※ the current political mood

※ in a merry / melancholy mood 

知识点（2） 

share v.有同样的感情（或想法、经历等）

※ We share an interest in botany.

※ I believe my view is widely shared.

※ Not everyone will share your enthusiasm for the plan.

There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret.

There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer（that… 结果状语从句）, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty（that… 结果状语从句）, a vision（语篇纽带） which passes before it is fully glimpsed（时间状语从句）, and in passing（时间状语） leaves an indefinable longing and regret. （which...定语从句）

知识点（1）【课文仿写】 

※ 造句：人们在获得成就之后总想取得更大的成就。

※ There is no achievement so satisfying that it does not awaken the desire for a greater.

知识点（2）Lesson03-27

写作文法：parallelism 排比，把结构相同或类似的词汇、短语和句子并列放在一块，增强语言的气势。 

※ We shall fight him by land we shall fight him by sea we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke. —— Winston Churchill

※ There is no reason for us to be enemies. Neither of us seeks the territory of the other; neither of us seeks domination over the other; neither of us seeks to stretch out our hands to rule the world. —— Richard M. Nixon

知识点（3）

long vi. 渴望；热望

long for … / to do …

※ She longed for a hot drink / to see him again. 

longing for … / to do …

※ In moments of stress and worry, I often experience an indefinable longing for my childhood.

【近似词组】表达“渴望”：

yearn for … / to do …

※ He yearned for her love. 

※ She yearned to have a baby. 

yearning

hunger / thirst for …

※ I hunger for your touch. 

crave (for) sth.

※ It was the sweet life he had always craved (for). 

craving

But, if this world is not merely a bad joke, life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars, and existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries; if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humour born of indigestion, or whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us, if, in a word beauty means something yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning.

But, if this world is not merely a bad joke（if... 条件状语从句1）, life (is not merely) a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars（介词短语引导后置定语）（条件状语从句2，省略谓语动词）, and existence (is not merely) an empty laugh braying across the mysteries（后置定语）（条件状语从句3，省略谓语动词）; if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humour born of indigestion（后置定语）, or whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us（后置定语）（if... 条件状语从句4）, if, in a word, beauty means something（if... 条件状语从句5）, yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning.

知识点（1）

this world is not merely a bad joke 

哲学观念：虚无主义（nihilism）

Nihilism is a belief that nothing has any meaning or value.

知识点（2）Lesson03-27

※ 排比、并列句的省略：

※ … life (is not merely) a vulgar flare…

※ In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.

※ Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. ——Francis Bacon

※ Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. ——Francis Bacon

※ 考研阅读真题： 并列句的省略

※ It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada (death is) inevitable and in California (death is) optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression (can be) controlled, cataracts (can be) removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure.

知识点（3）

【近义词】表达“火”：

blaze 熊熊燃烧的火

flame 火苗

※ the tiny flame of a cigarette-lighter

flare （短暂）转瞬熄灭

glow 发出微弱而稳定的光；发出暗淡的光

知识点（4）

amid prep. (fml.) among or surrounded by things 

※ He sat amid the trees.

※ a tiny bungalow amid clusters of trees

知识点（5）

bray 以刺耳的高声讲话（或笑）

知识点（6）

something pron.

※ something new

something n. 重要的人；值得重视的事

※ a new something

知识点（7）

behind and beyond 指“天国”；（用位置标示无法理解）

知识点（8）

evil humour

evil 坏的

※ evil temper

※ evil weather

humor n. mood 情绪

※ in a good / bad humor

【扩展】

“体液”比喻性格：

blood（多血质，乐观） / choler（黄胆汁质，易怒） / phlegm（粘液质，冷漠） / melancholy（黑胆汁质，忧郁的） 

知识点（9）

born (out) of … 结果

= as a result of …

※ With strength born (out) of desperation, he forced the door open. 

知识点（10）

indigestion 指“无法理解”

digest n. 文摘；摘要 v. 消化

※ Overseas Digest

知识点（11）

the devil

Satan：the adversary of God and all humanity, and the leader of fallen angels 

知识点（12）

mock … 嘲笑；（模仿）嘲弄

※ The naughty boys mocked the cripple. 

【近义词组】表达“嘲笑”：

make fun of …

tease …

※ Sam’s sisters used to tease him because he was overweight. 

sneer at … 讥讽

※ She sneered at Tom’s musical taste. 

taunt … （故意激怒）

※ She went on taunting Sam until he lost his temper. 

ridicule … 讥笑、嘲弄

※ All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident. —— Arthur Schopenhauer

知识点（13）

interpret vi. 解释；翻译 vt. 说明；口译

※ simultaneous interpreter / interpretation

※ The Interpretation of Dreams —— Sigmund Freud (1856~1933)

If we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it, nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp.

If we glimpse the unutterable（if... 条件状语从句）, it is unwise to try to utter it, nor should we seek to invest with significance（状语前置） that which we cannot grasp.

知识点（1）

写作：同根词不替换，增强对比效果

※ Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless. 

※ We only help those who really need help.

※ The mower firmly refused to mow, so I decided to dismantle it.

知识点（2）Lesson04-02

nor 引出并列的否定句，后面用部分倒装

※ Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.

Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless.

知识点（1）Lesson03-27

in terms of … /in … terms 从某种角度、以某种方法

※ Think of it in terms of an investor.

※ The decision was disastrous in political terms.

※ The figures are shown in terms of a percentage.

※ Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.