Lesson 77 A successful operation一例成功的手术 一般过去时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
First listen and then answer the question: Did the doctors find out how the woman died?
The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B. C. has just had an operation.
死于公元前 800 年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。
The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.
这是曾在底比斯神殿里当过歌手的赛潘姆特的木乃伊。
As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.
由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的 X 光片子上有点奇怪的斑点，所以，医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。
The only way to do this was to operate.
搞清的唯一办法就是手术。
The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.
手术持续了4个多小时，非常难做，因为皮肤上覆盖着一层硬硬的树脂。
The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory.
医生们从木乃伊身上取下一个切片，送去化验。
They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef.
他们还发现了X光片所没有显示的东西：一个蜡制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。
This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy.
这种牛头人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊体内。
The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.
医生们至今还未确定这位妇女的死因。
They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened.
他们曾担心在把木乃伊切开后，它会散成碎片，但幸运得很，这种情况并未发生。
The mummy successfully survived the operation.
这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术。
14个相关单词
与课文关联的单词
mummy
/ˈmʌmi/n. 木乃伊Egyptian
/iˈdʒɪpʃn/adj. 埃及的temple
/ˈtemp(ə)l/n. 庙mark *
/mɑːk/n. 斑点plate *
/pleɪt/n. （照相）底片disease
/dɪˈziːz/n. 疾病last *
/lɑːst/v. 持续prove *
/pruːv/v. 显示出resin
/ˈrezɪn/n. 树脂skin
/skɪn/n. 皮肤section
/ˈsekʃ(ə)n/n. 切片figure
/ˈfɪɡə(r)/n. （人的）体形；人像normally
/ˈnɔːməli/adv. 通常地survive
/səˈvaɪv/v. 幸免于课文理解Mummy 不一定是妈咪 更新于:2024-03-20 06:48:09
The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.
| B.C. = Before Christ 公元前，放在年代的后面 | A.D. = Anno Domini 公元，放在年代的前面,常常可以省略 |
| Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C.. 然而在公元前300年没有飞机。 | St. Pancras was martyred in 304 A.D.(强调非公元前) 圣·潘克瑞斯在公元304年蒙难。 |
时间顺序 died 明确的过去的时间 → has just had 刚做完
| have an operation 做手术 | have an undercover operation 进行秘密行动 |
|---|---|
| Will I need to have an operation?我需要动手术吗？ | Undercover operations are essential for detecting.秘密行动对侦查至关重要。 |
The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.
that of是书面用语 一般用于较正式的文体中
| that of 那个 | those of 那些 |
|---|---|
|
As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.
| take plates of sth. 给…拍片子 | take photo 拍照片 |
|---|---|
|
|
| find out 查明，发现 + 从句 | I need to find out what time the movie starts.我需要查明电影开始的时间。 |
|---|---|
| died of 因…死，死于 |
|
| die of + 内因 死于… |
|
| die from + 外因 死于… |
|
The only way to do this was to operate.
to do this 非谓语动词修饰前面的名词表“目的”
- The pen to write chinese is too hard. 这支笔写中文太难了。
- The book to study for the exam is on the shelf.用来复习考试的书在书架上。
- The car to travel long distances needs good fuel efficiency. 用于长途旅行的汽车需要燃油效率好。
- The dress to wear to the party should be elegant. 去聚会时穿的裙子应该优雅。
- The tools to fix the broken chair are in the garage. 修理坏椅子所需的工具在车库里。
to operate 相当于名词用，做表语
- My dream is to travel around the world.
- My plan is to finish the work on time.
| way of + doing 做…的方式（做定语） | way + to do 做…的方式（做定语） |
|---|---|
| There are many different ways of cooking pasta, but I prefer the traditional Italian way. | There's always a better way to do things; we just need to find it. |
The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. 过去时态
The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.
decide v. 做出最终的判断，对…下判决，解决（悬案）
- The police cannot decide yet which of the two men is guilty.
| what 对名词提问 | how 对副词或介词短语提问 |
|---|---|
| The doctors have not yet determined what the woman died of.更自然的表达应该是描述女人死于什么原因 | how the woman died.更自然和常见。它询问的是女人是如何去世的，而不是在问某个东西是否死于女人。 |
They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened.
| fear v. 害怕（长时间的） | scare v.使惊恐，吓唬 |
|---|---|
| A wave of fear swept over him.一阵恐惧传遍他的全身。 | You're scaring me. 你吓着我了。 |
fall to pieces = go to pieces 碎成碎片，散掉
- During the storm, the old house fell to pieces.
- After two years their marriage fell to pieces.
联合复习
单词句型易混淆词 更新于:2024-03-17 06:30:11
| skin n. 人体的皮肤 | leather n. 皮革 | complexion n. 某人是什么颜色的皮肤（可与 skin 互换） |
|---|---|---|
|
| Look at her rosy cheeks.She has a lovely complexion. |
| B.C. = Before Christ 公元前（位于年代之后） | he Romans invaded England in 55 B.C. “B.C.” 不可省略，否则时间是错误的 |
|---|---|
| in the yeare of the Lord = since Christ was born 公元（位于年代之前） | In the year of the Lord 2024 强调2024, many technological advancements have reshaped our society. |
| A.D. = anno Domini | George I died in A.D. 1727. 强调是公元非公元前 |
| wax n. 蜡（不可数名词） | candle n. 蜡烛（可数名词） |
|---|---|
| All the figures in this shop are made of wax. | I keep a candle by my bed in case the lights go out suddenly. |
扩展知识区别：ago / since / for 更新于:2024-03-17 06:14:32
| ago 以前，从前 | since 自…以后，自…以来 | for 在…时，持续了... |
|---|---|---|
| 通常搭配一般过去时 | since + 过去的时间 = 现在完成时 | 无时态要求(可搭配任意) |
| They won the match three days ago. | Since 1992, we have lived in this city. | They have been practicing for a year. |
- He stayed with us for two weeks.
- She arrived two weeks ago.
- I have not seen him since Monday.
- He left a month ago and I have not seen him since then.
- We have been working on this new plane for over a year now.